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Despite being one of the most spoken languages in the world ($6^{th}$ based on population), research regarding Bengali handwritten grapheme (smallest functional unit of a writing system) classification has not been explored widely compared…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Tarun Roy , Hasib Hasan , Kowsar Hossain , Masuma Akter Rumi

Despite being the 5th most spoken language, Bangla remains underrepresented in Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly for code generation. This primarily stems from the scarcity of high-quality data to pre-train and/or finetune such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Nishat Raihan , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Marcos Zampieri

Bangla is the 7th most widely spoken language globally, with a staggering 234 million native speakers primarily hailing from India and Bangladesh. This morphologically rich language boasts a rich literary tradition, encompassing diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Saumajit Saha , Albert Nanda

Character segmentation has long been one of the most critical areas of optical character recognition process. Through this operation, an image of a sequence of characters, which may be connected in some cases, is decomposed into sub-images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2012-02-15 Subhadip Basu , Chitrita Chaudhuri , Mahantapas Kundu , Mita Nasipuri , Dipak K. Basu

Context-aware applications have been gaining huge interest in the last few years. With cell phones becoming ubiquitous computing devices, cell phone localization has become an important research problem. In this paper, we present CellSense,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-10-18 Mohamed Ibrahim , Moustafa Youssef

In this paper, we discuss the formalized approach for generating and estimating symbols (and alphabets), which can be communicated by the wide range of non-verbal means based on specific user requirements (medium, priorities, type of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Serhii Hamotskyi , Sergii Stirenko , Yuri Gordienko , Anis Rojbi

Tokenization is an important first step in Natural Language Processing (NLP) pipelines because it decides how models learn and represent linguistic information. However, current subword tokenizers like SentencePiece or HuggingFace BPE are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Firoj Ahmmed Patwary , Abdullah Al Noman

People commonly communicate in English, Arabic, and Bengali spoken languages through various mediums. However, deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals primarily use body language and sign language to express their needs and achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Md Hadiuzzaman , Mohammed Sowket Ali , Tamanna Sultana , Abdur Raj Shafi , Abu Saleh Musa Miah , Jungpil Shin

Each new generation of English-oriented Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibits enhanced cross-lingual transfer capabilities and significantly outperforms older LLMs on low-resource languages. This prompts the question: Is there a need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Tamzeed Mahfuz , Satak Kumar Dey , Ruwad Naswan , Hasnaen Adil , Khondker Salman Sayeed , Haz Sameen Shahgir

In today's instant communication era, mobile phones play an important role in the efficient communication with respect to both individual and official communication strata. With the drastic explosion in the quantity of calls received and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2013-07-29 K. S. Kuppusamy , Leena Mary Francis , G. Aghila

This paper provides an overview of the morphology and syntax of the Tamil language, focusing on its contemporary usage. The paper also highlights the complexity and richness of Tamil in terms of its morphological and syntactic features,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Kengatharaiyer Sarveswaran

Recent advancements in the field of computer vision with the help of deep neural networks have led us to explore and develop many existing challenges that were once unattended due to the lack of necessary technologies. Hand Sign/Gesture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Shahjalal Ahmed , Md. Rafiqul Islam , Jahid Hassan , Minhaz Uddin Ahmed , Bilkis Jamal Ferdosi , Sanjay Saha , Md. Shopon

In recent years, Sentiment Analysis (SA) and Emotion Recognition (ER) have been increasingly popular in the Bangla language, which is the seventh most spoken language throughout the entire world. However, the language is structurally…

Spelling errors are introduced in text either during typing, or when the user does not know the correct phoneme or grapheme. If a language contains complex words like sandhi where two or more morphemes join based on some rules, spell…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-28 A N Akshatha , Chandana G Upadhyaya , Rajashekara S Murthy

Bangla, a language spoken by over 300 million native speakers and ranked as the sixth most spoken language worldwide, presents unique challenges in natural language processing (NLP) due to its complex morphological characteristics and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Souvika Sarkar , Md. Najib Hasan , Santu Karmaker

More than 2 billion mobile users worldwide type in multiple languages in the soft keyboard. On a monolingual keyboard, 38% of falsely auto-corrected words are valid in another language. This can be easily avoided by detecting the language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Sourabh Vasant Gothe , Sourav Ghosh , Sharmila Mani , Guggilla Bhanodai , Ankur Agarwal , Chandramouli Sanchi

Sign language is the only medium of communication for the hearing impaired and the deaf and dumb community. Communication with the general mass is thus always a challenge for this minority group. Especially in Bangla sign language (BdSL),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Thasin Abedin , Khondokar S. S. Prottoy , Ayana Moshruba , Safayat Bin Hakim

Lemmatization holds significance in both natural language processing (NLP) and linguistics, as it effectively decreases data density and aids in comprehending contextual meaning. However, due to the highly inflected nature and morphological…

The increasing popularity of applications like the Metaverse has led to the exploration of new, more effective ways of communication. Semantic communication, which focuses on the meaning behind transmitted information, represents a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Wenhan Yu , Jun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various natural language processing tasks. However, most LLM models use traditional tokenizers like BPE and SentencePiece, which fail to capture the finer nuances of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Pramit Bhattacharyya , Arnab Bhattacharya