Related papers: Roots of polynomials of degrees 3 and 4
The paper deals with the resolution of third and fourth degree equations by means of radicals. It is a survey of some historical details about this fundamental problem. Moreover, it explains practical methods for the resolution of third and…
This work provides a method(an algorithm) for solving the solvable unary algebraic equation $f(x)=0$ ($f(x)\in\mathbb{Q}[x]$) of arbitrary degree and obtaining the exact radical roots. This method requires that we know the Galois group as…
This paper presents new six solutions for sixth degree polynomial equation in general forms basing on new theorems, where the possibility to calculate the six roots of any sixth degree equation nearly simultaneously. The proposed roots for…
Galois theory is developed using elementary polynomial and group algebra. The method follows closely the original prescription of Galois, and has the benefit of making the theory accessible to a wide audience. The theory is illustrated by a…
This paper presents new formulary solutions for quantic polynomial equations in general forms, where we present five solutions for any fifth degree polynomial equation with real coefficients, and thereby having the possibility to calculate…
We present an algorithm to determine the Galois group of an irreducible monic polynomial $f(x) \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ of degree at most five. Following work of Conrad, Dummit, and Stauduhar this comes down to answering two questions: Is a given…
Let $f$ be an irreducible polynomial of prime degree $p\geq 5$ over $\QQ$, with precisely $k$ pairs of complex roots. Using a result of Jens H\"{o}chsmann (1999), we show that if $p\geq 4k+1$ then $\Gal(f/\QQ)$ is isomorphic to $A_{p}$ or…
We present a method for the solution of polynomial equations. We do not intend to present one more method among several others, because today there are many excellent methods. Our main aim is educational. Here we attempt to present a method…
For many finite groups, the Inverse Galois Problem can be approached through modular/automorphic Galois representations. This is a report explaining the basic strategy, ideas and methods behind some recent results. It focusses mostly on the…
This part is made of three sections. In the first section we study the family of polynomials whose roots are 4cos2 k{\pi}, (n \geqslant 3,1 \leqslant k < \frac{n}{2}). We obtain n2 in this manner a family of orthogonal polynomials. This…
We study polynomial iterative roots of polynomials and describe the locus of complex polynomials of degree 4 admitting a polynomial iterative square root.
This note presents Galois theory for finite fields. It was written as a handout for the MAT401 course ``Polynomial equations and fields'' taught at the University of Toronto in Spring 2026. We use without proofs some basic properties of…
We present short elementary proofs of the well-known Ruffini-Abel-Galois theorems on insolvability of algebraic equations in radicals. These proofs are obtained from existing expositions by stripping away material not required for the…
In this article we present a new method to obtain polynomial lower bounds for Galois orbits of torsion points of one dimensional group varieties.
The main aim of this paper is the presentation of a new methodology to obtain Liouvillian solutions of stationary one dimensional Schr\"odinger equation with quasi-solvable polynomial potentials through the using of differential Galois…
Solving polynomial equations is a subtask of polynomial optimization. This article introduces systems of such equations and the main approaches for solving them. We discuss critical point equations, algebraic varieties, and solution counts.…
This note was prepared as a handout for the MAT401 course ``Polynomial equations and fields", taught at the University of Toronto in Spring 2026. It presents a proof of a necessary condition for the solvability of algebraic equations by…
Rational solutions of the fourth order analogue to the Painlev'e equations are classified. Special polynomials associated with the rational solutions are introduced. The structure of the polynomials is found. Formulas for their coefficients…
We present a family of algorithms for computing the Galois group of a polynomial defined over a $p$-adic field. Apart from the "naive" algorithm, these are the first general algorithms for this task. As an application, we compute the Galois…
A novel very simple method for finding roots of polynomials over finite fields has been proposed. The essence of the proposed method is to search the roots via nested cycles over the subgroups of the multiplicative group of the Galois…