Related papers: Crowded Charges in Ion Channels
Ionic liquids are a special category of molten salts with melting points near ambient temperatures or by convention below 100 C. Owing to their numerous valuable physicochemical properties as bulk liquids, solvents, at surfaces and in…
The diffusivity of water in aqueous cesium iodide solutions is larger than that in neat liquid water, and vice versa for sodium chloride solutions. Such peculiar ion-specific behavior, called anomalous diffusion, is not reproduced in…
Although osmosis is a familiar phenomenon, and of pivotal importance in natural systems, it is seldom explained how it might work on the molecular level (if treated at all in physics text books). The standard treatment of osmosis in…
The paper shows how the diffusive movement of ions through a channel protein can be described as a chemical reaction over an arbitrary shaped potential barrier. The result is simple and intuitive but without approximation beyond the…
Many microorganisms live and evolve in complex fluids. Examples include mammalian spermatozoa in cervical mucus, worms (e.g., \textit{C. elegans}) in wet soil, and bacteria (e.g., \textit{H. pylori}) in our stomach lining. Due to the…
The theory of real relativistic fluids is in the rather unique situation that there is a natural relativistic extension of the nonrelativistic theory, but it is physically untenable. On the other hand, mounting evidence that matter created…
Recent developments in molecular theories and simulation of ions and polar molecules in water are reviewed. The hydration of imidazole and imidazolium solutes is used to exemplify the theoretical issues. The treatment of long-ranged…
Chemistry occurring at or near the surfaces of aqueous droplets and thin films in the atmosphere influences air quality and climate. Molecular dynamics simulations are becoming increasingly useful for gaining atomic-scale insight into the…
This paper studies mechanism of preconcentration of charged particles in a straight micro-channel embedded with permselective membranes, by numerically solving coupled transport equations of ions, charged particles and solvent fluid without…
The conformational dynamics of biomolecules drives the chemistry of life. We propose trapping large biomolecular ions in a Paul trap to probe their dynamics and that of their surrounding solvent cage.
The existence of conduction channels in lithium silicate (Li_2O)(SiO_2) is investigated. Regions of the system where many different ions pass by form channels and are thus spatially correlated. For a closer analysis the properties of the…
Modeling of ion transport via plasma membrane needs identification and quantitative understanding of the involved processes. Brief characterization of main ion transport systems of a yeast cell (Pma1, Ena1, TOK1, Nha1, Trk1, Trk2,…
Ionic liquids, salts in the liquid state under ambient conditions, are of great interest as precision lubricants. Ionic liquids form layered structures at surfaces, yet it is not clear how this nano-structure relates to their lubrication…
The interaction of phosphate groups with ions in an aqueous environment has a strong impact on the structure and folding processes of DNA and RNA. The dynamic variety of ionic arrangements, including both contact pairs and water separated…
Energy is a complex idea that cuts across scientific disciplines. For life science students, an approach to energy that incorporates chemical bonds and chemical reactions is better equipped to meet the needs of life sciences students than a…
The solution of the Poisson--Boltzmann equation for counterions confined between two charged plates is known analytically up to a constant, namely, the ion density in the middle of the channel. This quantity is relevant also because it…
Water's ability to autoionize into hydroxide and hydronium ions profoundly influences surface properties, rendering interfaces either basic or acidic. While it is well-established that protons show an affinity to the air-water interface, a…
Next-generation implantable computational devices require long-term stable electronic components capable of operating in, and interacting with, electrolytic surroundings without being damaged. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs)…
A common feature of the recent calls for reform of the undergraduate biology curriculum has been for better coordination between biology and the courses from the allied disciplines of mathematics, chemistry, and physics. Physics has lagged…
Trapped atomic ions are among the most advanced platforms for quantum simulation, computation, and metrology, offering long coherence times and precise, individual control over both internal and motional degrees of freedom. In this review,…