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We consider upward-planar layered drawings of directed graphs, i.e., crossing-free drawings in which each edge is drawn as a y-monotone curve going upward from its tail to its head, and the y-coordinates of the vertices are integers. The…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Patrizio Angelini , Sabine Cornelsen , Giordano Da Lozzo , Fabrizio Frati , Philipp Kindermann , Ignaz Rutter , Johannes Zink

The visual complexity of a graph drawing can be measured by the number of geometric objects used for the representation of its elements. In this paper, we study planar graph drawings where edges are represented by few segments. In such a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Philipp Kindermann , Tamara Mchedlidze , Thomas Schneck , Antonios Symvonis

Consider the following problem: Given a planar graph $G$, what is the maximum number $p$ such that $G$ has a planar straight-line drawing with $p$ collinear vertices? This problem resides at the core of several graph drawing problems,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-09-01 Giordano Da Lozzo , Vida Dujmovic , Fabrizio Frati , Tamara Mchedlidze , Vincenzo Roselli

We study compact straight-line embeddings of trees. We show that perfect binary trees can be embedded optimally: a tree with $n$ nodes can be drawn on a $\sqrt n$ by $\sqrt n$ grid. We also show that testing whether a given binary tree has…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Hugo A. Akitaya , Maarten Löffler , Irene Parada

In this article, Temperley's bijection between spanning trees of the square grid on the one hand, and perfect matchings (also known as dimer coverings) of the square grid on the other, is extended to the setting of general planar directed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Richard W. Kenyon , James G. Propp , David B. Wilson

We propose a new arithmetic for non-empty rooted unordered trees simply called trees. After discussing tree representation and enumeration, we define the operations of tree addition, multiplication and stretch, prove their properties, and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-02-02 Fabrizio Luccio

We prove that every planar graph with maximum degree three has a planar drawing in which the edges are drawn as circular arcs that meet at equal angles around every vertex. Our construction is based on the Koebe-Thurston-Andreev circle…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2012-06-28 David Eppstein

We show that every graph of maximum degree three can be drawn in three dimensions with at most two bends per edge, and with 120-degree angles between any two edge segments meeting at a vertex or a bend. We show that every graph of maximum…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-07-16 David Eppstein , Maarten Löffler , Elena Mumford , Martin Nöllenburg

We calculate the exact number of contours of size $n$ containing a fixed vertex in $d$-ary trees and provide sharp estimates for this number for more general trees. We also obtain a characterization of the locally finite trees with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-21 Noga Alon , Rodrigo Bissacot , Eric Ossami Endo

We study the crossing-minimization problem in a layered graph drawing of planar-embedded rooted trees whose leaves have a given total order on the first layer, which adheres to the embedding of each individual tree. The task is then to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Julia Katheder , Stephen G. Kobourov , Axel Kuckuk , Maximilian Pfister , Johannes Zink

We characterize the triples of interior angles that are possible in non-self-crossing triangles with circular-arc sides, and we prove that a given cyclic sequence of angles can be realized by a non-self-crossing polygon with circular-arc…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-09-29 David Eppstein , Daniel Frishberg , Martha C. Osegueda

A drawing of a given (abstract) tree that is a minimum spanning tree of the vertex set is considered aesthetically pleasing. However, such a drawing can only exist if the tree has maximum degree at most 6. What can be said for trees of…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-11-17 Ferran Hurtado , Giuseppe Liotta , David R. Wood

We will consider cross products of finite graphs with a class of trees that have arbitrarily but finitely long line segments, such as the Fibonacci tree. Such cross products are called tree-strips. We prove that for small disorder random…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-04-16 Christian Sadel

In SODA'99, Chan introduced a simple type of planar straight-line upward order-preserving drawings of binary trees, known as LR drawings: such a drawing is obtained by picking a root-to-leaf path, drawing the path as a straight line, and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Timothy M. Chan , Zhengcheng Huang

Inspired by the artwork of Mark Lombardi, we study the problem of constructing orthogonal drawings where a small number of horizontal and vertical line segments covers all vertices. We study two problems on orthogonal drawings of planar…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-08-16 Md. Jawaherul Alam , Michael Dillencourt , Michael T. Goodrich

A monotone drawing of a graph G is a straight-line drawing of G such that every pair of vertices is connected by a path that is monotone with respect to some direction. Trees, as a special class of graphs, have been the focus of several…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Anargyros Oikonomou , Antonios Symvonis

We present some exact expressions for the number of paths of a given length in a perfect $m$-ary tree. We first count the paths in perfect rooted $m$-ary trees and then use the results to determine the number of paths in perfect unrooted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-11-27 Peter J. Humphries

A tree is pathwise-random if all of its paths are Martin-Lof random. We show that (a) no weakly 2-random real computes a perfect pathwise-random tree; it follows that the class of perfect pathwise-random trees is null, with respect to any…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-05-24 George Barmpalias , Wei Wang

A coloring of a tree is convex if the vertices that pertain to any color induce a connected subtree; a partial coloring (which assigns colors to some of the vertices) is convex if it can be completed to a convex (total) coloring. Convex…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Shlomo Moran , Sagi Snir

We define the \emph{visual complexity} of a plane graph drawing to be the number of basic geometric objects needed to represent all its edges. In particular, one object may represent multiple edges (e.g., one needs only one line segment to…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Gregor Hültenschmidt , Philipp Kindermann , Wouter Meulemans , André Schulz