Related papers: Strategies for processing diffraction data from ra…
The short pulses of X-ray free electron lasers can produce diffraction patterns with structural information before radiation damage destroys the particle. The particles are injected into the beam in random orientations and they should be…
Established x-ray diffraction methods allow for high-resolution structure determination of crystals, crystallized protein structures or even single molecules. While these techniques rely on coherent scattering, incoherent processes like…
We applied the analysis of x-ray intensity angular correlation function to dilute ensembles of identical spinel crystals. Firstly, we show that the angular correlation from measured diffraction patterns with many crystals per shot converges…
Scattering can rapidly degrade our ability to form an optical image, to the point where only speckle-like patterns can be measured. Truly non-invasive imaging through a strongly scattering obstacle is difficult, and usually reliant on a…
This paper explores optimal methods for obtaining one-dimensional (1D) powder pattern intensities from two-dimensional (2D) planar detectors with good estimates of their standard deviations. We describe methods to estimate uncertainties…
Single-particle imaging experiments of biomolecules at x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) require processing of hundreds of thousands (or more) of images that contain very few x-rays. Each low-flux image of the diffraction pattern is…
The values of the signal-to-noise ratio are determined, at which the method of processing X-ray diffraction data reveals reflections with intensity less than the noise component of the background. The possibilities of the method are…
Coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) of single molecules at atomic resolution is a major goal for the x-ray free electron lasers (XFELs). However, during an imaging pulse, the fast laser-induced ionization may strongly affect the recorded…
Single molecule imaging is one of the main target areas of X-ray free electron lasers. It relies on the possibility of orienting the large number of low counting statistics 2D diffraction patterns taken at random orientations of identical…
The penetration power of x-rays allows one to image large objects. For example, centimeter-sized specimens can be imaged with micron-level resolution using synchrotron sources. In this case, however, the limited beam diameter and detector…
Hyperspectral imaging aims at providing information on both the spatial and the spectral distribution of light, with high resolution. However, state-of-the-art protocols are characterized by an intrinsic trade-off imposing to sacrifice…
Accurately measuring the translations of objects between images is essential in many fields, including biology, medicine, chemistry, and physics. One important application is tracking one or more particles by measuring their apparent…
In a previous paper, we reviewed theoretically some of the available processing schemes for X-ray wavefront sensing based on random modulation. We here show experimental applications of the technique for characterising both refractive and…
While the implementation of single particle coherent diffraction imaging for non-crystalline particles is complicated by current limitations in photon flux, hit rate, and sample delivery a concept of many-particle coherent diffraction…
X-ray single particle imaging involves the measurement of a large number of noisy diffraction patterns of isolated objects in random orientations. The missing information about these patterns is then computationally recovered in order to…
Single particle diffraction imaging experiments at free-electron lasers (FEL) have a great potential for structure determination of reproducible biological specimens that can not be crystallized. One of the challenges in processing the data…
A method is suggested to produce, with the help of colliding laser photons with bunches of relativistic ions having two energy levels, both intense beams of monochromatic polarized X-ray fluorescence photons and significant number of X-ray…
We propose methods to perform intensity interferometry of photons having two different wavelengths. Distinguishable particles typically cannot interfere with each other, but we overcome that obstacle by processing the particles via…
When used with coherent light, optical imaging systems, even diffraction-limited, are inherently unable to reproduce both the amplitude and the phase of a two-dimensional field distribution because their impulse response function varies…
The polarization of an X-ray beam that produces electrons with velocity components perpendicular to the beam generates an azimuthal distribution of the ejected electrons. We present methods for simulating and for analyzing the angular…