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We propose a simple yet rich model to extend the notions of Nash equilibria and correlated equilibria of strategic games to the quantum setting, in which we then study the relations between classical and quantum equilibria. Unlike the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Shengyu Zhang

This paper investigates Nash equilibria in pure strategies for quantum approach to the Prisoner's Dilemma. The quantization process involves extending the classical game by introducing two additional unitary strategies. We consider five…

Quantum game theory is the study of strategic behavior by agents with access to quantum technology. Broadly speaking, this technology can be employed in either of two ways: As part of a randomization device or as part of a communications…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-10-31 Steven E. Landsburg

We study position-based cryptography in the quantum setting. We examine a class of protocols that only require the communication of a single qubit and 2n bits of classical information. To this end, we define a new model of communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-17 Florian Speelman

In quantum games based on 2-player--$N$-strategies classical games, each player has a quNit (a normalized vector in an $N$-dimensional Hilbert space ${\cal H}_N$) upon which he applies his strategy (a matrix $U \in$ SU(N)). The players draw…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-12 Y. Avishai

We consider the dating market decision problem under the quantum mechanics point of view. Quantum states whose associated amplitudes are modified by men strategies are used to represent women. Grover quantum search algorithm is used as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 O. G. Zabaleta , C. M. Arizmendi

Recently the concept of quantum information has been introduced into game theory. Here we present the first study of quantum games with more than two players. We discover that such games can possess a new form of equilibrium strategy, one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Simon C. Benjamin , Patrick M. Hayden

The Grover search algorithm is one of the two key algorithms in the field of quantum computing, and hence it is of significant interest to describe it in the most efficient mathematical formalism. We show firstly, that Clifford's formalism…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-10 James M. Chappell , M. A. Lohe , Lorenz von Smekal , Azhar Iqbal , Derek Abbot

A manifestly covariant, or geometric, field theory for relativistic classical particle-field system is developed. The connection between space-time symmetry and energy-momentum conservation laws for the system is established geometrically…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2017-11-22 Peifeng Fan , Hong Qin , Jian Liu , Nong Xiang , Zhi Yu

These are lecture notes for a course on the theory of Clifford algebras, with special emphasis on their wide range of applications in mathematics and physics. Clifford algebra is introduced both through a conventional tensor algebra…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-07-31 Douglas Lundholm , Lars Svensson

Extensive-form games provide a versatile framework for modeling interactions of multiple agents subjected to imperfect observations and stochastic events. In recent years, two paradigms, policy space response oracles (PSRO) and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Xinrun Wang , Jakub Cerny , Shuxin Li , Chang Yang , Zhuyun Yin , Hau Chan , Bo An

We investigate the quantization of non-zero sum games. For the particular case of the Prisoners' Dilemma we show that this game ceases to pose a dilemma if quantum strategies are allowed for. We also construct a particular quantum strategy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-16 J. Eisert , M. Wilkens , M. Lewenstein

The two-players N strategies games quantized according to the Eisert-Lewenstein-Wilkens scheme [1] are considered. It is shown that in the case of maximal entanglement no nontrivial pure Nash equilibrium exists. The proof relies on simple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-02-25 Katarzyna Bolonek-Lasoń

We give an algebraic formulation based on Clifford algebras and algebraic spinors for quantum information. In this context, logic gates and concepts such as chirality, charge conjugation, parity and time reversal are introduced and explored…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Marco A. S. Trindade , Sergio Floquet , J. David M. Vianna

Normal-form two-player games are categorized by players into K analogy classes so as to minimize the prediction error about the behavior of the opponent. This results in Clustered Analogy-Based Expectation Equilibria in which strategies are…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-05-20 Philippe Jehiel , Giacomo Weber

The necessary appearance of Clifford algebras in the quantum description of fermions has prompted us to re-examine the fundamental role played by the quaternion Clifford algebra, C(0,2). This algebra is essentially the geometric algebra…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-03-06 Ernst Binz , Maurice A. de Gosson , Basil J. Hiley

The prisoner's dilemma (PD) is a game-theoretic model studied in a wide array of fields to understand the emergence of cooperation between rational self-interested agents. In this work, we formulate a spatial iterated PD as a discrete-event…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-07-28 Isaiah Farahbakhsh , Chrystopher L. Nehaniv

Over the last two years, the canonical approach to quantum gravity based on connections and triads has been put on a firm mathematical footing through the development and application of a new functional calculus on the space of gauge…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 Abhay Ashtekar

S. J. van Enk and R. Pike in PRA 66, 024306 (2002) argue that the equilibrium solution to a quantum game isn't unique but is already present in the classical game itself. In this work, we contest this assertion by showing that a random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-03 Muhammed Jabir T , Nilesh Vyas , Colin Benjamin

A new simplified approach for teaching electromagnetism is presented using the formalism of geometric algebra (GA) which does not require vector calculus or tensor index notation, thus producing a much more accessible presentation for…

Physics Education · Physics 2010-11-11 James M. Chappell , Azhar Iqbal , Derek Abbott