Related papers: Counting dependent and independent strings
Antistochastic strings are those strings that lack any reasonable statistical explanations. We establish the follow property of such strings: every absolutely non-stochastic string $x$ is "holographic" in the sense that it can be restored…
An independent $[1,k]$-set $S$ in a graph $G$ is a dominating set which is independent and such that every vertex not in $S$ has at most $k$ neighbors in it. The existence of such sets is not guaranteed in every graph and trees having an…
We address the separability problem for straight-line string constraints. The separability problem for languages of a class C by a class S asks: given two languages A and B in C, does there exist a language I in S separating A and B (i.e.,…
For every total recursive time bound $t$, a constant fraction of all compressible (low Kolmogorov complexity) strings is $t$-bounded incompressible (high time-bounded Kolmogorov complexity); there are uncountably many infinite sequences of…
In this paper we give a definition for quantum Kolmogorov complexity. In the classical setting, the Kolmogorov complexity of a string is the length of the shortest program that can produce this string as its output. It is a measure of the…
In this paper we give a definition for the Kolmogorov complexity of a pure quantum state. In classical information theory the algorithmic complexity of a string is a measure of the information needed by a universal machine to reproduce the…
Let $X$ be a max-stable random vector with positive continuous density. It is proved that the conditional independence of any collection of disjoint sub-vectors of $X$ given the remaining components implies their joint independence. We…
A set C of vertices of a graph is P_3-convex if every vertex outside C has at most one neighbor in C. The convex hull \sigma(A) of a set A is the smallest P_3-convex set that contains A. A set M is convexly independent if for every vertex x…
We prove a new general multiplicity estimate applicable to sets of functions without any assumption on algebraic independence. The multiplicity estimates are commonly used in determining measures of algebraic independence of values of…
If a string is cyclically shifted it will re-appear after a certain number of shifts, which will be called its order. We solve the problem of how many strings exist with a given order. This problem arises in the context of quantum mechanics…
In this paper we develop combinatorial techniques for the case of string algebras with the aim to give a characterization of string complexes with infinite minimal projective resolution. These complexes will be called \textit{periodic…
Chaitin's incompleteness theorem states that sufficiently rich formal systems cannot prove lower bounds on Kolmogorov complexity. In this paper we extend this theorem by showing theories that prove the Kolmogorov complexity of a large (but…
We study the network of Type-I cosmic strings using the field-theoretic numerical simulations in the Abelian-Higgs model. For Type-I strings, the gauge field plays an important role, and thus we find that the correlation length of the…
Free independence is an important tool for studying the structure of operator algebras. It is natural to ask from the model-theoretic standpoint whether free independence is captured well in first-order model theory via the notion of a…
We define a product of algebraic probability spaces equipped with two states. This product is called a conditionally monotone product. This product is a new example of independence in non-commutative probability theory and unifies the…
We indicate a way of distinguishing between structures, for which, two structures are said to be separable.Being separable implies being non-isomorphic. We show that for any first order theory $T$ in a countable language, if it has an…
An algebraic structure is said to be congruence permutable if its arbitrary congruences $\alpha$ and $\beta$ satisfy the equation $\alpha \circ \beta =\beta \circ \alpha$, where $\circ$ denotes the usual composition of binary relations. For…
We consider the number of independent sets in hypergraphs, which allows us to define the independence density of countable hypergraphs. Hypergraph independence densities include a broad family of densities over graphs and relational…
We establish tight bounds on the amount on nonuniformity that is necessary for extracting a string with randomness rate 1 from a single source of randomness with lower randomness rate. More precisely, as instantiations of more general…
Algorithms which learn environments represented by automata in the past have had complexity scaling with the number of states in the automaton, which can be exponentially large even for automata recognizing regular expressions with a small…