Related papers: Matrix genetics, part 5: genetic projection operat…
We show that our recently published Arithmetic Model of the genetic code based on Godel Encoding is robust against symmetry transformations, specially Rumer s one U > G, A > C, and constitutes a link between the degeneracy structure and the…
The family of generalized Petersen graphs $G(n, k)$, introduced by Coxeter et al. [4] and named by Mark Watkins (1969), is a family of cubic graphs formed by connecting the vertices of a regular polygon to the corresponding vertices of a…
Mass matrix of quarks is studied in the Supersymmetric $E_6$ Grand Unified Theory (GUT). The fundamental representation $\textbf{27}$ in $E_6$ which corresponds to one generation contains two sets of $\textbf{5}^{*}$'s in SU(5), so that…
H. Dye defined the projections $P_{i,j}(a)$ of a $C^*$-matrix algebra by {eqnarray*} P_{i,j}(a) &=& (1+aa^*)^{-1}\otimes E_{i,i} + (1+aa^*)^{-1}a \otimes E_{i,j} + a^*(1+aa^*)^{-1} \otimes E_{j,i} + a^*(1+aa^*)^{-1}a\otimes E_{j,j},…
The article presents results on the well-known problem concerning the structure of integer polynomials $p_n(z; x, y)$, which define multiplication laws in $n$-valued groups $\mathbb{G}_n$ over the field of complex numbers $\mathbb{C}$. We…
The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells. The code defines a mapping between tri-nucleotide sequences,…
In this short paper, it is shown that the multiplet structure of the standard genetic code is derivable from the total number of nucleotides contained in 64 codons, 192, a small number. The degeneracy class-number is derived as the number…
A presentation by generators and relations of the $n$th symmetric power $B$ of a commutative algebra $A$ over a field of characteristic zero or greater than $n$ is given. This is applied to get information on a minimal homogeneous…
We study the computational model where we can access a matrix $\mathbf{A}$ only by computing matrix-vector products $\mathbf{A}\mathrm{x}$ for vectors of the form $\mathrm{x} = \mathrm{x}_1 \otimes \cdots \otimes \mathrm{x}_q$. We prove…
This article introduces a novel binary representation of the canonical genetic code based on both the structural similarities of the nucleotides, as well as the physicochemical properties of the encoded amino acids. Each of the four mRNA…
The observed replication of fermions in three families is undoubtedly a reflection of a deeper symmetry underlying the standard model. In this paper we investigate one very elementary possibility, that physics above the grand unification…
Bi-partite ribbon graphs arise in organising the large $N$ expansion of correlators in random matrix models and in the enumeration of observables in random tensor models. There is an algebra $\mathcal{K}(n)$, with basis given by bi-partite…
Let $\vee^k A$ be the $k$-th symmetric tensor power of $A\in M_n(\mathbb{C})$. In \cite{IAM}, we have expressed the normalized trace of $\vee^kA$ as an integral of the $k$-th powers of the numerical values of $A$ over the unit sphere…
Consider two symmetric $3 \times 3$ matrices $A$ and $B$ with entries in $GF(q)$, for $q=p^n$, $p$ an odd prime. The zero sets of $v^T Av$ and $v^T Bv$ can be viewed as (possibly degenerate) conics in the finite projective coordinate plane…
A hereditarily atomic von Neumann algebra $A$ is a $W^*$ product of matrix algebras, regarded as the underlying function algebra of a quantum set. Projections in $A\overline{\otimes}A^{\circ}$ are interpreted as quantum binary relations on…
In this paper, convolutional network coding is formulated by means of matrix power series representation of the local encoding kernel (LEK) matrices and global encoding kernel (GEK) matrices to establish its theoretical fundamentals for…
Let C be a curve over a non-singular base variety S. We study algebraic cycles on the symmetric powers C^[n] and on the Jacobian J. The Chow homology of C^[*], the sum of all C^[n], is a ring using the Pontryagin product. We prove that this…
It is an observation of Kontsevich and Soibelman that generating series that produce certain (generalized) Donaldson Thomas invariants are secretly algebraic functions over the rationals. From a physical perspective this observation arises…
Based on an interpretation of the quark-lepton symmetry in terms of the unimodularity of the color group $SU(3)$ and on the existence of 3 generations, we develop an argumentation suggesting that the "finite quantum space" corresponding to…
A considerable amount of the standard model's three-generation structure can be realised from just the $8\hspace{.3mm}\mathbb{C}$-dimensional algebra of the complex octonions. Indeed, it is a little-known fact that the complex octonions can…