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This paper revisits the little-known Gibbs-Rodrigues representation of rotations in a three-dimensional space and demonstrates a set of algorithms for handling it. In this representation the rotation is itself represented as a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ian R. Peterson

Rotation representations are foundational in fields such as computer graphics, robotics, and machine learning, where precise and efficient modeling of 3D orientations is critical. This paper comprehensively investigates diverse…

Graphics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Aizierjiang Aiersilan , Haochen Liu , James Hahn

Objects' rigid motions in 3D space are described by rotations and translations of a highly-correlated set of points, each with associated $x,y,z$ coordinates that real-valued networks consider as separate entities, losing information.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Guilherme Vieira , Eleonora Grassucci , Marcos Eduardo Valle , Danilo Comminiello

Rotations on the 3-dimensional Euclidean vector-space can be represented by real quaternions, as was shown by Hamilton. Introducing complex quaternions allows us to extend the result to elliptic and hyperbolic rotations on the Minkowski…

Optics · Physics 2024-07-17 Pierre Pellat-Finet

Quaternions have an (over a century-old) extensive and quite complicated interaction with special relativity. Since quaternions are intrinsically 4-dimensional, and do such a good job of handling 3-dimensional rotations, the hope has always…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-16 Thomas Berry , Matt Visser

In neural networks, it is often desirable to work with various representations of the same space. For example, 3D rotations can be represented with quaternions or Euler angles. In this paper, we advance a definition of a continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Yi Zhou , Connelly Barnes , Jingwan Lu , Jimei Yang , Hao Li

This paper presents an experimental study on the application of quaternions in several machine learning algorithms. Quaternion is a mathematical representation of rotation in three-dimensional space, which can be used to represent complex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Tianlei Zhu , Renzhe Zhu

In geometric algebra, the rotation of a vector is described using rotors. Rotors are phasors where the imaginary number has been replaced by a oriented plane element of unit area called a unit bivector. The algebra in three dimensional…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-11-01 S. D. Brechet

We give a simple and self contained introduction to quaternions and their practical usage in dynamics. The rigid body dynamics are presented in full details. In the appendix, some more exotic relations are given that allow to write more…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2008-11-19 Basile Graf

An arbitrary rigid transformation in $\mathbf{SE}(3)$ can be separated into two parts, namely, a translation and a rigid rotation. This technical report reviews, under a unifying viewpoint, three common alternatives to representing the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-04-08 José Luis Blanco-Claraco

The purpose of this effort is to investigate if the use of quaternion mathematics can be used to better model and simulate the electromagnetic fields that occur from moving electromagnetic charges. One observed deficiency with the commonly…

Classical Physics · Physics 2022-09-30 Matthew David Marko , Joe Schaff

Using the coefficients introduced by Bargmann and Moshinsky for the reduction of the su($3$) algebra of Cartesian three-dimensional oscillator multiplet states into so($3$) angular momentum submultiplets, we implement unitary rotations of…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Alejandro R. Urzúa , Kurt Bernardo Wolf

Quaternions are important for a wide variety of rotation-related problems in computer graphics, machine vision, and robotics. We study the nontrivial geometry of the relationship between quaternions and rotation matrices by exploiting the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-20 Andrew J. Hanson , Sonya M. Hanson

Denavit and Hartenberg-based methods, such as Cardan, Fick, and Euler angles, describe the position and orientation of an end-effector in three-dimensional (3D) space. However, these methods have a significant drawback as they impose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Zineb Benhmidouch , Saad Moufid , Aissam Ait Omar

In a calculation of rotated matrix elements with angular momentum projection, the generalized Wick's theorem may encounter a practical problem of combinatorial complexity when the configurations have more than four quasi-particles (qps).…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 Long-Jun Wang , Fang-Qi Chen , Takahiro Mizusaki , Makito Oi , Yang Sun

The attitude space has been parameterized in various ways for practical purposes. Different representations gain preferences over others based on their intuitive understanding, ease of implementation, formulaic simplicity, and physical as…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-08-30 Hardik Parwana , Mangal Kothari

Omnidirectional images and spherical representations of $3D$ shapes cannot be processed with conventional 2D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as the unwrapping leads to large distortion. Using fast implementations of spherical and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Suhas Lohit , Shubhendu Trivedi

A common representation of a three dimensional object in computer applications, such as graphics and design, is in the form of a triangular mesh. In many instances, individual or groups of triangles in such representation need to satisfy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-08 Valentin R. Koch , Hung M. Phan

The paper explains how a unit generalized quaternion is used to represent a rotation of a vector in 3-dimensional space. We review of some algebraic properties of generalized quaternions and operations between them and then show their…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-03-10 Mehdi Jafari , Yusuf Yayli

Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE) have demonstrated exceptional performance as a positional encoding method, consistently outperforming their baselines. While recent work has sought to extend RoPE to higher-dimensional inputs, many such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sameeksha Sriram , Ayush Paliwal , Alexander S. Ecker , Chase van de Geijn
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