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The apparently trifling unexpected hanging paradox has generated an enormous philosophical literature. We introduce the mathematician to this literature, paying special attention to aspects that involve nontrivial mathematics. This xxx…

Logic · Mathematics 2011-06-28 Timothy Y. Chow

In this paper we study some structure properties of primitive weird numbers in terms of their factorization. We give sufficient conditions to ensure that a positive integer is weird. Two algorithms for generating weird numbers having a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-02 Gianluca Amato , Maximilian F. Hasler , Giuseppe Melfi , Maurizio Parton

This note is the written version of conversations with young colleagues on unofficial history, general ideas, unexpected facts and open problems concerning tilting theory.

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-18 Gabriella D'Este

This is an informal write up of my talk in Berlin. It gives some background to Goddard's talk (math.QA/9808136) about the moonshine conjectures.

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 R. E. Borcherds

A structured approach for the Collatz conjecture is presented using just the odd integers that are, in turn, divided into categories based on the roles they play such as Starter, Intermediary and Terminal. The expression 4x+1 is used as a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-08-21 Ken Surendran , Desarazu Krishna Babu

This paper is a supplement to a talk for mathematics teachers given at the 2016 LSU Mathematics Contest for High School Students. The paper covers more details and aspects than could be covered in the talk. We start with an interesting…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2016-03-01 Lawrence Smolinsky

This paper extends the work started in 2002 by Demaine, Demaine and Verill (DDV) on coin-moving puzzles. These puzzles have a long history in the recreational literature, but were first systematically analyzed by DDV, who gave a full…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Florian Galliot , Sylvain Gravier , Isabelle Sivignon

There are two important things in science: (A) Finding answers to given questions, and (B) Coming up with good questions. Our artificial scientists not only learn to answer given questions, but also continually invent new questions, by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Vincent Herrmann , Louis Kirsch , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Parrondo's paradox is about a paradoxical game and gambling where two probabilistic losing games can be combined to form a winning game. While the counter intuitive game is interesting in itself, it can be thought of a discrete version of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-02-16 Abhijit Kar Gupta , Sourabh Banerjee

We report on the recent Loebner prize competition inspired by Turing's test of intelligent behavior. The presentation covers the structure of the competition and the outcome of its first instantiation in an actual event, and an analysis of…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Stuart M. Shieber

The purpose of this note is to raise two different questions, which are rarely if ever considered, and to which, it seems, we lack convincing, systematic answers. These questions can be posed as: - Why do we compute? - What do we compute?…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-03-20 Samson Abramsky

In his July 1974 Scientific American column, Martin Gardner mentioned the Handbook of Integer Sequences, which then contained 2372 sequences. Today the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (the OEIS) contains 140000 sequences. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-05-15 N. J. A. Sloane

How can we reason around logical paradoxes without falling into them? This paper introduces grounded deduction or GD, a Kripke-inspired approach to first-order logic and arithmetic that is neither classical nor intuitionistic, but…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-04-07 Bryan Ford

In this paper, we prove the conjecture that if there is an odd perfect number, then there are infinitely many of them.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-10 Jose Arnaldo Bebita Dris

The main purpose of this note is to pose a couple of problems which are easily formulated thought some seem to be not yet solved. These problems are of general interest for discrete mathematics including a new twig of a bough of theory of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-11-16 A. K. Kwasniewski

I gave a rambling talk about gravity and its many mysteries at Chen-Ning Yang's 85th Birthday Celebration held in November 2007. I don't have any answers.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Zee

I'll discuss how Goedel's paradox "This statement is false/unprovable" yields his famous result on the limits of axiomatic reasoning. I'll contrast that with my work, which is based on the paradox of "The first uninteresting positive whole…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2007-05-23 G. J. Chaitin

The Collatz sequence for a given natural number $N$ is generated by repeatedly applying the map $N$ $\rightarrow$ $3N+1$ if $N$ is odd and $N$ $\rightarrow$ $N/2$ if $N$ is even. One elusive open problem in Mathematics is whether all such…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2019-11-11 Rafael Ruggiero

The toss of a coin is usually regarded as the epitome of randomness, and has been used for ages as a means to resolve disputes in a simple, fair way. Perhaps as ancient as consulting objects such as coins and dice is the art of maliciously…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-03-11 Vinícius Gusmão Pereira de Sá , Celina Miraglia Herrera de Figueiredo

The ordinary factorial may be written in terms of the Stirling numbers of the second kind as shown by Quaintance and Gould and the odd double factorial in terms of the Stirling numbers of the first kind as shown by Callan. During the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-27 Saud Hussein