Related papers: The Significant Digit Law in Statistical Physics
A plethora of natural and socio-economic phenomena share a striking statistical regularity, that is the magnitude of elements decreases with a power law as a function of their position in a ranking of magnitude. Such regularity is known as…
We describe society as a nonequilibrium probabilistic system: N individuals occupy W resource states in it and produce entropy S over definite time periods. Resulting thermodynamics is however unusual because a second entropy, H, measures a…
This paper describes the Difference-of-Log-Normals (DLN) distribution. A companion paper makes the case that the DLN is a fundamental distribution in nature, and shows how a simple application of the CLT gives rise to the DLN in many…
We derive functional equations for distributions of six classical statistics (ascents, descents, left-to-right maxima, right-to-left maxima, left-to-right minima, and right-to-left minima) on separable and irreducible separable…
Competing styles in Statistical Mechanics have been introduced to investigate physico-chemical systems displaying complex structures, when one faces difficulties to handle the standard formalism in the well established Boltzmann-Gibbs…
Ann likes oranges much more than apples; Bob likes apples much more than oranges. Tomorrow they will receive one fruit that will be an orange or an apple with equal probability. Giving one half to each agent is fair for each realization of…
There are now many theoretical explanations for why Benford's law of digit bias surfaces in so many diverse fields and data sets. After briefly reviewing some of these, we discuss in depth recurrence relations. As these are discrete…
Two relativistic distributions which generalizes the Maxwell Boltzman (MB) distribution are analyzed: the relativistic MB and the Maxwell-J{\"u}ttner (MJ) distribution. For the two distributions we derived in terms of special functions the…
A plethora of natural, artificial and social systems exist which do not belong to the Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistical-mechanical world, based on the standard additive entropy $S_{BG}$ and its associated exponential BG factor. Frequent…
A theory of exceptional extreme events, characterized by their abnormal sizes compared with the rest of the distribution, is presented. Such outliers, called "dragon-kings", have been reported in the distribution of financial drawdowns,…
A classical result due to Deshouillers, Dress and Tenenbaum asserts that on average the distribution of the divisors of the integers follows the arcsine law. In this paper, we investigate the distribution of smooth divisors of the integers,…
Time evolution of the cities and of the languages is considered in terms of multiplicative noise and fragmentation processes; where power law (Pareto-Zipf law) and slightly asymmetric log-normal (Gauss) distribution result for the size…
We consider simple exclusion processes on Z for which the underlying random walk has a finite first moment and a non-zero mean and whose initial distributions are product measures with different densities to the left and to the right of the…
The classic central limit theorem and $\alpha$-stable distributions play a key role in probability theory, and also in Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistical mechanics. They both concern the paradigmatic case of probabilistic independence of the…
For a given sequence of weights (non-negative numbers), we consider partitions of the positive integer n. Each n-partition is selected uniformly at random from the set of all such partitions. Under a classical scheme of assumptions on the…
We implement a general numerical calculation that allows for a direct comparison between nonlinear Hamiltonian dynamics and the Boltzmann-Gibbs canonical distribution in Gibbs $\Gamma$-space. Using paradigmatic first-neighbor models,…
Combining intuitive probabilistic assumptions with the basic laws of classical thermodynamics, using the latter to express probabilistic parameters in terms of the thermodynamic quantities, we get a simple unified derivation of the…
In Gentile statistics the maximum occupation number can take on unrestricted integers: $1<n<\infty $. It is usually believed that Gentile statistics will reduce to Bose-Einstein statistics when n equals the total number of particles in the…
It is a common belief that in any environment where life is possible, life will be generated. Here it is suggested that the cause for a spontaneous generation of complex systems is probability driven processes. Based on equilibrium…
Zipf's law for cities is probably the most famous regularity in social sciences. So much that, a hundred years of publication later, its status is not clear: is it a law of social organisation? Is it an instrument of description of city…