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Is the universe digital or analog? In this essay I argue that both classical and quantum physics include limits that prevent us from definitively answering that question. That quantum physics does so is no surprise. That classical physics…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2011-06-07 Ian T. Durham

We first review the cosmological constant problem, and then mention a conjecture of Feynman according to which the general relativistic theory of gravity should be reformulated in such a way that energy does not couple to gravity. We point…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Murat Özer

A characteristical property of a classical physical theory is that the observables are real functions taking an exact outcome on every (pure) state; in a quantum theory, at the contrary, a given observable on a given state can take several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Antonio Cassa

The review paper presents generalization of d'Alembert's variational principle: the dynamics of a quantum system for an external observer is defined by the exact equilibrium of all acting in the system forces, including the random quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-20 J. Manjavidze

The equivalence postulate approach to quantum mechanics entails a derivation of quantum mechanics from a fundamental geometrical principle. Underlying the formalism there exists a basic cocycle condition, which is invariant under…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-02 Alon E. Faraggi

Sharp uncertainty relations restricting the values of variances in the position space and in the momentum (wavevector) space are derived. They have the same form $\Delta r\Delta k\ge 5/2$ in the classical theory of light beams, in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Iwo Bialynicki-Birula , Zofia Bialynicka-Birula

Here the probability density of relativistic particles coordinates, satisfying the formal conditions of the quantum mechanics and the special relativity, is determined (under textbooks view, such density does not exist). It is specified for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-17 V. F. Krotov

In a previous paper, we have developed a general theory of thermodynamic limits. We apply it here to three different Coulomb quantum systems, for which we prove the convergence of the free energy per unit volume. The first system is the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-12-21 Christian Hainzl , Mathieu Lewin , Jan Philip Solovej

All quantum field theories that describe interacting bosonic elementary particles, share the feature that the zeroth order perturbation expansion describes non-interacting harmonic oscillators. This is explained in the paper. We then…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-18 Gerard t Hooft

Quantum electrodynamics is the well-accepted theory. However, we feel it is useful to look at formalisms that provide alternative ways to describe light, because in the recent years the development of quantum field theories based primarily…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Valeri V. Dvoeglazov

Building upon a recent analysis of the measurement process in Hamiltonian mechanics, this article investigates the Bayesian epistemology of classical physics -- the landscape of accessible probability distributions over phase space. I prove…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-01 David Theurel

In quantum field theory, particle creation occurs, in general, when an intense external field, such as an electromagnetic field, breaks time translational invariance. This leads to an ambiguity in the definition of the vacuum state. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-06-24 Álvaro Álvarez-Domínguez , Luis J. Garay , David García-Heredia , Mercedes Martín-Benito

We formulate quantum mechanics in spacetimes with real-order fractional geometry and more general factorizable measures. In spacetimes where coordinates and momenta span the whole real line, Heisenberg's principle is proven and the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-10-18 Gianluca Calcagni , Giuseppe Nardelli , Marco Scalisi

The main fundamental principles characterizing the vacuum field structure are formulated, the modeling of the related vacuum medium and charged point particle dynamics by means of devised field theoretic tools are analyzed. The Maxwell…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-01-26 Nikolai N. Bogolubov , Anatoliy K. Prykarpatsky , Ufuk Taneri

It is shown that the independence of the continuum hypothesis points to the unique definite status of the set of intermediate cardinality: the intermediate set exists only as a subset of continuum. This latent status is a consequence of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 O. Yaremchuk

Arguments are gived for the plausibility that quantum mechanics is a stochastic theory and that many quantum phenomena derive from the existence of a real noise consisting of vacuum fluctuations of all fundamental fields existing in nature.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-26 Emilio Santos

The possibility of an incompletness of the equations of electromagnetism is analyzed using a thought experiment that shows a non-physical behavior according to classical electromagnetism. Basically, from Maxwell equations it is shown that a…

General Physics · Physics 2010-05-03 Fernando O. Minotti

Biconformal spaces contain the essential elements of quantum mechanics, making the independent imposition of quantization unnecessary. Based on three postulates characterizing motion and measurement in biconformal geometry, we derive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-11 Lara B. Anderson , James T. Wheeler

An speculative solution for the cosmological constant problem is proposed. It is argued that while the true quantum vacuum energy density is of the order of $M_P^4$, the observed classical vacuum energy density may be much smaller due to…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-19 F. Darabi

Classical and quantum measurement theories are usually held to be different because the algebra of classical measurements is commutative, however the Poisson bracket allows noncommutativity to be added naturally. After we introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-19 Peter Morgan