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As large language models (LLMs) grow more powerful, concerns over copyright infringement of LLM-generated texts have intensified. LLM watermarking has been proposed to trace unauthorized redistribution or resale of generated content by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Qihao Lin , Chen Tang , Lan zhang , Junyang zhang , Xiangyang Li

Digital watermarking has been widely studied for the protection of intellectual property. Traditional watermarking schemes often design in a "wider" rule, which applies one general embedding mechanism to all images. But this will limit the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Zhaoyang Jia , Han Fang , Zehua Ma , Weiming Zhang

Digital image watermarking is the process of embedding and extracting a watermark covertly on a cover-image. To dynamically adapt image watermarking algorithms, deep learning-based image watermarking schemes have attracted increased…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Xin Zhong , Pei-Chi Huang , Spyridon Mastorakis , Frank Y. Shih

Digital watermarking is the act of hiding information in multimedia data, for the purposes of content protection or authentication. In ordinary digital watermarking, the secret information is embedded into the multimedia data (cover data)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-10-14 Tanmoy Sarkar , Sugata Sanyal

LLM watermarks stand out as a promising way to attribute ownership of LLM-generated text. One threat to watermark credibility comes from spoofing attacks, where an unauthorized third party forges the watermark, enabling it to falsely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Thibaud Gloaguen , Nikola Jovanović , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev

Large-scale vision-language models, especially CLIP, have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse downstream tasks. Soft prompts, as carefully crafted modules that efficiently adapt vision-language models to specific tasks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Wenyuan Yang , Yichen Sun , Changzheng Chen , Zhixuan Chu , Jiaheng Zhang , Yiming Li , Dacheng Tao

Recent years have witnessed a proliferation of valuable original natural language contents found in subscription-based media outlets, web novel platforms, and outputs of large language models. However, these contents are susceptible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 KiYoon Yoo , Wonhyuk Ahn , Jiho Jang , Nojun Kwak

LLMs now exhibit human-like skills in various fields, leading to worries about misuse. Thus, detecting generated text is crucial. However, passive detection methods are stuck in domain specificity and limited adversarial robustness. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Xi Yang , Kejiang Chen , Weiming Zhang , Chang Liu , Yuang Qi , Jie Zhang , Han Fang , Nenghai Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have witnessed a meteoric rise in popularity among the general public users over the past few months, facilitating diverse downstream tasks with human-level accuracy and proficiency. Prompts play an essential…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Hongwei Yao , Jian Lou , Kui Ren , Zhan Qin

Code Summarization Model (CSM) has been widely used in code production, such as online and web programming for PHP and Javascript. CSMs are essential tools in code production, enhancing software development efficiency and driving innovation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jiale Zhang , Haoxuan Li , Di Wu , Xiaobing Sun , Qinghua Lu , Guodong Long

The advancement in digital technologies have made it possible to produce perfect copies of digital content. In this environment, malicious users reproduce the digital content and share it without compensation to the content owner. Content…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2016-10-11 Sachin Mehta , Balakrishnan Prabhakaran , Rajarathnam Nallusamy , Derrick Newton

Motivated by the problem of detecting AI-generated text, we consider the problem of watermarking the output of language models with provable guarantees. We aim for watermarks which satisfy: (a) undetectability, a cryptographic notion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Noah Golowich , Ankur Moitra

Untrustworthy users can misuse image generators to synthesize high-quality deepfakes and engage in unethical activities. Watermarking deters misuse by marking generated content with a hidden message, enabling its detection using a secret…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Nils Lukas , Abdulrahman Diaa , Lucas Fenaux , Florian Kerschbaum

Instruction-driven image editing allows users to quickly edit an image according to text instructions in a forward pass. Nevertheless, malicious users can easily exploit this technique to create fake images, which could cause a crisis of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Runyi Hu , Jie Zhang , Ting Xu , Jiwei Li , Tianwei Zhang

With the rapid development of information technology and multimedia, the use of digital data is increasing day by day. So it becomes very essential to protect multimedia information from piracy and also it is challenging. A great deal of…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2013-07-15 Md. Maklachur Rahman

Notwithstanding offering convenience and entertainment to society, Deepfake face swapping has caused critical privacy issues with the rapid development of deep generative models. Due to imperceptible artifacts in high-quality synthetic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Tianyi Wang , Mengxiao Huang , Harry Cheng , Bin Ma , Yinglong Wang

With the explosive growth of internet technology, easy transfer of digital multimedia is feasible. However, this kind of convenience with which authorized users can access information, turns out to be a mixed blessing due to information…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-05-22 Saraju P. Mohanty

The huge supporting training data on the Internet has been a key factor in the success of deep learning models. However, this abundance of public-available data also raises concerns about the unauthorized exploitation of datasets for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Ruixiang Tang , Qizhang Feng , Ninghao Liu , Fan Yang , Xia Hu

As AI advances, copyrighted content faces growing risk of unauthorized use, whether through model training or direct misuse. Building upon invisible adversarial perturbation, recent works developed copyright protections against specific AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Tianci Liu , Tong Yang , Quan Zhang , Qi Lei

Watermarking generative models consists of planting a statistical signal (watermark) in a model's output so that it can be later verified that the output was generated by the given model. A strong watermarking scheme satisfies the property…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Hanlin Zhang , Benjamin L. Edelman , Danilo Francati , Daniele Venturi , Giuseppe Ateniese , Boaz Barak