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The hydrologic cycle has wide impacts on the ocean salinity and circulation, carbon and nitrogen cycles, and the ecosystem. Under anthropogenic global warming, previous studies showed that the intensification of the hydrologic cycle is a…
The reactive uptake of $\mathrm{N_2O_5}$ on sea-spray aerosol plays a key role in regulating NO$_\mathrm{x}$ concentration in the troposphere. Despite numerous field and laboratory studies, a microscopic understanding of its heterogeneous…
We characterise the structural properties of the quasi-liquid layer (QLL) at two low-index ice surfaces in the presence of sodium chloride (Na$^+/$Cl$^-$) ions by molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the presence of a high surface…
Tropical cyclones occur over the Earth's tropical oceans, with characteristic genesis regions and tracks tied to the warm ocean surface that provides energy to sustain these storms. The study of tropical cyclogenesis and evolution on Earth…
Inland tropical cyclone (TC) impacts due to high winds and rainfall-induced flooding depend strongly on the evolution of the wind field and precipitation distribution after landfall. However, research has yet to test the detailed response…
The seasonal and spatial evolution of mixed layers (MLs) in the Red Sea (RS) is analyzed for the 2001-2015 period using the results of a high resolution (~1km horizontal, 50 vertical layers) ocean circulation model forced by a novel…
Shear thickening is a widespread phenomenon in suspension flow that, despite sustained study, is still the subject of much debate. The longstanding view that shear thickening is due to hydrodynamic clusters has been challenged by recent…
High temperature superconductors with a Tc above 40 K have been found to be strongly correlated electron systems and to have a layered structure. Guided by these rules, Kamihara et al. discovered a Tc up to 26 K in the layered…
Close to the onset of Aeolian particle transport through saltation we find in wind tunnel experiments a regime of discontinuous flux characterized by bursts of activity. Scaling laws are observed in the time delay between each burst and in…
Synchronously orbiting, tidally-locked exoplanets with a dayside facing their star and a permanently dark nightside orbiting dim stars are prime candidates for habitability. Simulations of these planets often show the potential to maintain…
In interacting galaxies, strong tidal forces disturb the global morphology of the progenitors and give birth to the long stellar, gaseous and dusty tails often observed. In addition to this destructive effect, tidal forces can morph into a…
It has been suggested that the upwelling branch of the abyssal overturning circulation is characterized by strong flows driven by turbulence along sloping topography. The Boundary Layer Turbulence field campaign has provided direct evidence…
Intermolecular correlations in liquid water at ambient conditions have generally been characterized through short range density fluctuations described through the atomic pair distribution functions (PDF). Recent numerical and experimental…
Variations in sea-level, based on tide gauge data (GSLTG) and on combining tide gauges and satellite data (GSLl) are subjected to singular spectrum analysis (SSA), to determine their trends and periodic or quasi-periodic components. GLSTG…
The offshore wind energy sector has rapidly expanded over the past two decades, providing a renewable energy solution for coastal nations. Sector development has been led in Europe, but is growing globally. Most developments to date have…
55 Cancri e is a $\sim$8 Gyr rocky world (1.95 $R_\oplus$, 8.8 $M_\oplus$) orbiting a K-type star. JWST observations suggest a carbon-dominated atmosphere (CO$_2$/CO) over a global magma ocean ($>$3000 K). We suggest that any…
The damage growth and surface modifications in Si(100), induced by 25 keV Si$_5^-$ cluster ions, as a function of fluence, $\phi$, has been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and channeling Rutherford backscattering spectrometry…
The abundance of chlorine is determined from X-ray spectra obtained with the RESIK instrument on {\em CORONAS-F} during solar flares between 2002 and 2003. Using weak lines of He-like Cl, \ion{Cl}{16}, between 4.44 and 4.50 \AA, and with…
Morphological instability of the solid-liquid interface occuring in a crystal growing from an undercooled thin liquid being bounded on one side by a free surface and flowing down inclined plane is investigated by a linear stability analysis…
Studies on Sun-climate connection have been carried out for several decades, and almost all of them focused on the effects of solar total irradiation energy. As the second major terrestrial energy source from outer space, the solar wind…