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Related papers: A Definition of Background Independence

200 papers

We study how the problem of observables is fully resolved for background independent theories defined on finite graphs. We argue the correct analogue of coordinate independence is the invariance under changes of graph labels, a kind of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-05 Emil Broukal , Andrea Di Biagio , Eugenio Bianchi , Marios Christodoulou

Loop quantum gravity, a non-perturbative and manifestly background free, quantum theory of gravity implies that at the kinematical level the spatial geometry is discrete in a specific sense. The spirit of background independence also…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-03-12 Ghanashyam Date , Golam Mortuza Hossain

It is shown that polymer quantization leads to a modified uncertainty principle similar to that obtained from string theory and non-commutative geometry. When applied to quantum field theory on general background spacetimes, corrections to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Golam Mortuza Hossain , Viqar Husain , Sanjeev S. Seahra

Since the main open problem of contemporary physics is to find a unified description of the four interactions, we present a possible scenario which, till now only at the classical level, is able to englobe experiments ranging from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Luca Lusanna

We propose an algebra of operators along an observer's worldline as a background-independent algebra in quantum gravity. In that context, it is natural to think of the Hartle-Hawking no boundary state as a universal state of maximum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-26 Edward Witten

We show that a class of topological field theories are quantum duals of the harmonic oscillator. This is demonstrated by establishing a correspondence between the creation and annihilation operators and non-local gauge invariant observables…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Viqar Husain

Relationalism -- along the lines developed by Barbour and collaborators in the past 3 decades -- can be considered an advance with 1/4 of the facets of the canonical approach's Problem of Time as identified by Isham and Kuchar. Indeed,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-19 Edward Anderson

General relativity is a background-independent theory of a dynamical classical spacetime geometry. Quantum theory is formulated in a classical spacetime, as an intrinsically probabilistic, contextual theory of non-classical, interfering…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-22 Tristan Hübsch , Djordje Minic

Background Independence is the modern form of the relational side of the Absolute versus Relational Debate. Difficulties with its implementation form the Problem of Time. Its 9 facets - Isham and Kucha\v{r}'s conceptual classification -…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-13 Edward Anderson

Conditional independence is a crucial concept supporting adequate modelling and efficient reasoning in probabilistics. In knowledge representation, the idea of conditional independence has also been introduced for specific formalisms, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Jesse Heyninck

A class of background independent membrane field theories are studied, and several properties are discovered which suggest that they may play a role in a background independent form of M theory. The bulk kinematics of these theories are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Lee Smolin

The paper discusses from a metaphysical standpoint the nature of the dependence relation underpinning the talk of mutual action between material and spatiotemporal structures in general relativity. It is shown that the standard analyses of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2019-10-11 Antonio Vassallo

I lay out the problem of time facets as arising piecemeal from a number of aspects of background independence. Almost all of these already have simpler classical counterparts. This approach can be viewed as a facet by facet completion of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-09-16 Edward Anderson

The goal of this article is to present an introduction to loop quantum gravity -a background independent, non-perturbative approach to the problem of unification of general relativity and quantum physics, based on a quantum theory of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Abhay Ashtekar , Jerzy Lewandowski

We consider the evolution of quantum fields on a classical background space-time, formulated in the language of differential geometry. Time evolution along the worldlines of observers is described by parallel transport operators in an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Dirk Graudenz

We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second and higher order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Marco Bruni , Sabino Matarrese , Silvia Mollerach , Sebastiano Sonego

The general framework of entropic dynamics is used to formulate a relational quantum dynamics. The main new idea is to use tools of information geometry to develop an entropic measure of the mismatch between successive configurations of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-11 Selman Ipek , Ariel Caticha

In this paper we show how the covariant gauge invariant equations for the evolution of scalar, vector and tensor perturbations for a generic $f(R)$-gravity theory can be recast in order to exploit the power of dynamical system methodology.…

Modern physics proposals present deep tensions between seemingly contradictory descriptions of reality. Views of wave-particle duality, black hole complementarity, and the Unruh effect demand explanations that shift depending on how a…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-05-16 Hong Joo Ryoo

Motivated by hints of the effective emergent nature of spacetime structure, we formulate a spacetime-free algebraic framework for quantum theory, in which no a priori background geometric structure is required. Such a framework is necessary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-01-25 Matti Raasakka