Related papers: Energy and entropy of relativistic diffusing parti…
In the scientific and engineering literature, the second law of thermodynamics is expressed in terms of the behavior of entropy in reversible and irreversible processes. According to the prevailing statistical mechanics interpretation the…
We consider the hypothesis that cosmic rays are emitted from the surfaces of neutron stars by a process of evaporation from an internal nuclear liquid to a dilute external gas which constitutes the "vacuum". On this basis, we find an…
The dynamics of molecular collisions in a macroscopic body are encoded by the parameter Thermodynamic entropy - a statistical measure of the number of molecular configurations that correspond to a given macrostate. Directionality in the…
The microscopic derivation of the second law for macroscopic system is given under the phenomenological assumption that both the initial and final states are described by mutually different canonical ensembles. In particular, it is also…
We propose a new strategy for determining the equation of state of a relativistic thermal quantum field theory by considering it in a moving reference system. In this frame an observer can measure the entropy density of the system directly…
The influence of the environment in the thermal equilibrium properties of a bipartite continuous variable quantum system is studied. The problem is treated within a system-plus-reservoir approach. The considered model reproduces the…
It has been suggested heuristically by Unruh and Wald, and independently by Page, that among systems with given energy and volume, thermal radiation has the largest entropy. The suggestion leads to the corresponding universal bound on…
We study transport properties of a parity-odd, non-relativistic charged fluid in presence of background electric and magnetic fields. To obtain stress tensor and charged current for the non-relativistic system we start with the most generic…
We analyze the heat exchange distribution of quantum open systems undergoing a thermal relaxation that maximizes the entropy production. We show that the process implies a type of generalized law of cooling in terms of a time dependent…
It is well understood that various alternatives are available within EM theory for the definitions of energy density, momentum transfer, EM stress-energy tensor, and so forth. Although the various options are all compatible with the basic…
We present a general method to determine the entropy current of relativistic matter at local thermodynamic equilibrium in quantum statistical mechanics. Provided that the local equilibrium operator is bounded from below and its lowest lying…
The relationship between excess entropy and diffusion is revisited by means of large-scale computer simulation combined to supervised learning approach to determine the excess entropy for the Lennard-Jones potential. Results reveal that it…
In the causal theory of relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics, there are conditions on the equation of state and other thermodynamic properties such as the second-order coefficients of a fluid that need to be satisfied to guarantee that…
The evolution of entropy is derived with respect to dynamical systems. For a stochastic system, its relative entropy $D$ evolves in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics; its absolute entropy $H$ may also be so, provided that the…
This article presents a new approach to the dynamics of a particle system, divided into two distinct microstates spreading out in a homogeneous medium. The particles belonging to the main microstate spread according to classical Fick's law…
This paper is a non-technical, informal presentation of our theory of the second law of thermodynamics as a law that is independent of statistical mechanics and that is derivable solely from certain simple assumptions about adiabatic…
Using the conservation laws for charge, energy, momentum, and angular momentum, we derive hydrodynamic equations for the charge density, local temperature, and fluid velocity, as well as for the spin tensor, starting from local equilibrium…
A laser beam is often modelled by a pure coherent state. In fact its state is mixed, even if it has coherent-state photon-number statistics (Poissonian), because the phase must vary. We consider such an ideal laser beam, with phase…
Thermodynamics is based on the notions of energy and entropy. While energy is the elementary quantity governing physical dynamics, entropy is the fundamental concept in information theory. In this work, starting from first principles, we…
Firstly, we calculate quantitatively decrease of entropy by the known formulas in the ordering phenomena and nucleation of thermodynamics of microstructure. They show again that a necessary condition of decrease of entropy in isolated…