Related papers: Energy and entropy of relativistic diffusing parti…
Over the past decades, research on two-dimensional melting has established that both first-order and continuous hexatic-liquid transitions can occur, influenced by various factors in the potential energy and system details. The fundamental…
We consider the use of the energy density for describing a localization of relativistic particles. This method is consistent with the causality requirements. The related positive operator valued measure is presented. The probability…
We discuss inertial effects in systems outside equilibrium within the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics. By introducing a Gibbs equation in which the entropy depends on the probability density, we are able to describe a system of…
An interesting and satisfactory fluid model has been proposed in literature for the the description of relativistic electron beams. It was obtained with 14 independent variables by imposing the entropy principle and the relativity…
The 2nd law of thermodynamics yields an irreversible increase in entropy until thermal equilibrium is achieved. This irreversible increase is often assumed to require large and complex systems to emerge from the reversible microscopic laws…
We study the energy-momentum tensor of a bubble wall beyond the approximation of an infinitely thin wall. To this end, we discuss the proper decomposition into wall and bulk contributions, and we use a systematic method to calculate the…
We discuss relativistic dynamics in a random electromagnetic field which can be considered as a high temperature limit of the quantum electromagnetic field in a heat bath (cavity) moving with a uniform velocity w. We derive diffusion…
Conservation laws that are based on the divergence of a second-rank four-tensor are fundamentally different from conservation laws based on the divergence of a four-vector. This article investigates the consequences of this difference for…
We develop a thermal description for photon modes within the context of bouncing universe. Within this study, we start with a Lorentz-breaking dispersion relation which accounts for modified Friedmann equations with a bounce solution. We…
We study in detail the relativistic distributions of energy, longitudinal momentum, longitudinal energy flux, and longitudinal thrust inside nucleons based on the quantum phase-space formalism. Similar to recent studies on the…
We apply a simple decomposition to the energy of a moving particle. Based on this decomposition, we identify the potential and kinetic energies, then use them to give general definitions of momentum and the various kinds of forces exerted…
An expression for the internal energy of a fluid element in a weakly coupled, magnetized, anisotropic plasma is derived from first principles. The result is a function of entropy, particle density and magnetic field, and as such plays the…
Particle flows injected as beams and scattered by an intruder are numerically studied. We find a crossover of the drag force from Epstein's law to Newton's law, depending on the ratio of the speed to the thermal speed. These laws can be…
Attempts to explain the refraction of light in dispersive media in terms of a photon or "corpuscular" model have heretofore been unable to account for the observed decrease in the speed of light as it passes from air into a region of higher…
Single component nonrelativistic dissipative fluids are treated independently of reference frames and flow-frames. First the basic fields and their balances, then the related thermodynamic relations and the entropy production are calculated…
In this paper, we consider a theory defined by an energy-momentum tensor depending on a set of general fields, including the space-time metric. We prove that if the theory is causal, bounded and transforms appropriately under…
The Abraham--Minkowski momentum controversy is the outwardly visible symptom of an inconsistency in the use of the energy-momentum tensor in the case of a plane quasimonochromatic field in a simple linear dielectric. We show that the Gordon…
Thermodynamic quantities of the hard-sphere system in the steady state with a small heat flux are calculated within the continuous media approach. Analytical expressions for pressure, internal energy, and entropy are found in the…
The microscopic explanation of entropy has been challenged from both experimental and theoretical point of view. The expression of entropy is derived from the first law of thermodynamics indicating that entropy or the second law of…
We generalize stochastic thermodynamics to include information reservoirs. Such information reservoirs, which can be modeled as a sequence of bits, modify the second law. For example, work extraction from a system in contact with a single…