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We clarified the physical mechanism of superconducting strip single photon detectors (SSPDs) with optical cavities by using transmission line and impedance models. By introducing the transmission line model, we derived the analytical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Hiroki Kutsuma , Taro Yamashita

We propose an optimized design for nanowire superconducting single photon detectors, using the recently discovered position dependent detection efficiency in these devices. This knowledge allows an optimized the design of meandering wire…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-06-16 Qiang Wang , Jelmer J. Renema , Andreas Engel , Michiel J. A. de Dood

We demonstrate niobium titanium nitride superconducting nanowires patterned on stoichiometric silicon nitride waveguides for detecting visible and infrared photons. The use of silicon nitride on insulator on silicon substrates allows us to…

Optics · Physics 2013-02-05 C. Schuck , W. H. P. Pernice , H. X. Tang

We demonstrate the fabrication of micron-wide tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on a silicon substrate using laser lithography. We show saturated internal detection efficiencies with wire widths from…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-04-06 Maximilian Protte , Varun B. Verma , Jan Philipp Höpker , Richard P. Mirin , Sae Woo Nam , Tim J. Bartley

We demonstrate optical time domain reflectometry over 200 km of optical fiber using low-noise NbTiN superconducting single-photon detectors integrated with Si3N4 waveguides. Our small detector footprint enables high timing resolution of…

Optics · Physics 2013-05-31 Carsten Schuck , Wolfram H. P. Pernice , Xiaosong Ma , Hong X. Tang

Using detector tomography, we investigate the detection mechanism in NbN-based superconducting single photon detectors (SSPDs). We demonstrate that the detection probability uniquely depends on a particular linear combination of bias…

Single-photon detection with high efficiency, high timing resolution, low dark counts and high photon detection-rates is crucial for a wide range of optical measurements. Although efficient detectors have been reported before, combining all…

Silicon single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) is a core device for single-photon detection in the visible and the near-infrared range, and widely used in many applications. However, due to limits of the structure design and device…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-03-17 Jian Ma , Ming Zhou , Zongfu Yu , Xiao Jiang , Yijie Huo , Kai Zang , Jun Zhang , James S. Harris , Ge Jin , Qiang Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

Here we propose a new design paradigm for a superconducting nanowire single photon detector that uses a multi-layer architecture that places the electric leads beneath the nanowires. This allows for a very large number of detector elements,…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-04 A. Matthew Smith

A nanoparticle detection scheme with single particle resolution is presented. The sensor contains only a taper fiber thus offering the advantages of compactness and installation flexibility. Sensing method is based on monitoring the…

Optics · Physics 2013-05-31 Jiangang Zhu , Sahin Kaya Ozdemir , Lan Yang

We present the performance of a superconducting nanowire that can be operated in two detection modes: i) as a kinetic inductance detector (KID) or ii) as a single-photon detector (SPD). Two superconducting nanowires developed for use as…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-11-14 Edward Schroeder , Philip Mauskopf , Hamdi Mani , Sean Bryan , Karl K. Berggren , Di Zhu

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) exhibit complex switching behaviors due to electrothermal feedback during the detection process. Modeling and understanding these behaviors is integral for designing superconducting…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Hanson Nguyen , Alejandro Simon , Reed Foster , Karl K. Berggren

Free-running InGaAs/InP single-photon detectors (SPDs) based on negative-feedback avalanche diodes (NFADs) are the key components for applications requiring asynchronous single-photon detection in the near-infrared region. From the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-02-20 Qi Xu , Chao Yu , Wei Chen , Jianglin Zhao , Dajian Cui , Jun Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

One of the key properties of single-photon detectors is their recovery time, i.e. the time required for the detector to recover its nominal efficiency. In the case of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), which can…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-12-02 Claire Autebert , Gaëtan Gras , Emna Amri , Matthieu Perrenoud , Misael Caloz , Hugo Zbinden , Félix Bussières

Ultrafast, high quantum efficiency single photon detectors are among the most sought-after elements in modern quantum optics and quantum communication. High photon detection efficiency is essential for scalable measurement-based quantum…

Optics · Physics 2015-05-30 W. Pernice , C. Schuck , O. Minaeva , M. Li , G. N. Goltsman , A. V. Sergienko , H. X. Tang

Photon-number resolving (PNR) single-photon detectors are an enabling technology in many areas such as photonic quantum computing, non-classical light source characterisation and quantum imaging. Here, we demonstrate high-efficiency PNR…

Triangular cross-section SiC photonic devices have been studied as an efficient and scalable route for integration of color centers into quantum hardware. In this work, we explore efficient collection and detection of color center emission…

Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) are typically used as single-mode-fiber-coupled single-pixel detectors, but large area detectors are increasingly critical for applications ranging from microscopy to free-space…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-02-26 Claire E. Marvinney , Brian E. Lerner , Alexander A. Puretzky , Aaron J. Miller , Benjamin J. Lawrie

The microscopic mechanism of photon detection in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors is still under debate. We present a simple, but powerful theoretical model that allows us to identify essential differences between competing…

Superconductivity · Physics 2013-12-05 Andreas Engel , Andreas Schilling

We experimentally investigate the performance of NbTiN superconducting nanowire single photon detectors above the base temperature of a conventional Gifford-McMahon cryocooler (2.5 K). By tailoring design and thickness (8 - 13 nm) of the…