Related papers: Twenty Questions Games Always End With Yes
Let S be a map from a language L to the integers satisfying S(vw)=S(v)+S(w) for all words v,w from the language. The classical Frobenius problem asks whether the complement of S(L) in the natural numbers will be infinite or finite, and in…
We study the achievable performance of adaptive query procedures for the noisy 20 questions problem with measurement-dependent noise over a unit cube of finite dimension. The performance criterion that we consider is the minimal resolution,…
We study the matching problem of regular tree languages, that is, "$\exists \sigma:\sigma(L)\subseteq R$?" where $L,R$ are regular tree languages over the union of finite ranked alphabets $\Sigma$ and $\mathcal{X}$ where $\mathcal{X}$ is an…
We close the gap in the proof (published by Chen and Lin) of formulas for the minimum number of questions required in the expected case for Mastermind and its variant called AB game, where both games are played with two pegs and $n$ colors.…
We give very simple algorithms for best play in the simplest kind of Dots & Boxes endgames: those that consist entirely of loops and long chains. In every such endgame we compute the margin of victory, assuming both players maximize the…
We determine the value of some search games where our goal is to find all of some hidden treasures using queries of bounded size. The answer to a query is either empty, in which case we lose, or a location, which contains a treasure. We…
Simple stochastic games can be solved by value iteration (VI), which yields a sequence of under-approximations of the value of the game. This sequence is guaranteed to converge to the value only in the limit. Since no stopping criterion is…
$\textit{Magic: The Gathering}$ is a popular and famously complicated trading card game about magical combat. In this paper we show that optimal play in real-world $\textit{Magic}$ is at least as hard as the Halting Problem, solving a…
We study a game where one player selects a random function, and the other has to guess that function, and show that with high probability the second player can correctly guess most of the random function. We apply this analysis to…
Many mathematical statements have the following form. If something is true for all finite subsets of an infinite set $I$, then it is true for all of $I$. This paper describes some old and new results on infinite sets of linear and…
The Nakamura number is an appropriate invariant of a simple game to study the existence of social equilibria and the possibility of cycles. For symmetric quota games its number can be obtained by an easy formula. For some subclasses of…
We study finite automata running over infinite binary trees. A run of such an automaton is usually said to be accepting if all its branches are accepting. In this article, we relax the notion of accepting run by allowing a certain quantity…
We show how solutions to many recursive arena equations can be computed in a natural way by allowing loops in arenas. We then equip arenas with winning functions and total winning strategies. We present two natural winning conditions…
Current question answering (QA) systems primarily consider the single-answer scenario, where each question is assumed to be paired with one correct answer. However, in many real-world QA applications, multiple answer scenarios arise where…
In this article, we consider generalized Nash games where the associated constraint map is not necessarily self. The classical Nash equilibrium may not exist for such games and therefore we introduce the notion of best approximate solution…
The semigroup game is a two-person zero-sum game defined on a semigroup S as follows: Players 1 and 2 choose elements x and y in S, respectively, and player 1 receives a payoff f(xy) defined by a function f from S to [-1,1]. If the…
Finite hamiltonian groups are counted. The sequence of numbers of all groups of order $n$ all whose subgroups are normal and the sequence of numbers of all groups of order less or equal to $n$ all whose subgroups are normal are presented.
Given a probability distribution over a set of n words to be transmitted, the Huffman Coding problem is to find a minimal-cost prefix free code for transmitting those words. The basic Huffman coding problem can be solved in O(n log n) time…
[HHM20] discovered, for 7 pairs (C,D) of seemingly distinct standard electoral control types, that C and D are identical: For each input I and each election system, I is a Yes instance of both C and D, or of neither. Surprisingly this had…
A classical result of K. L. Chung and W. Feller deals with the partial sums $S_k$ arising in a fair coin-tossing game. If $N_n$ is the number of "positive" terms among $S_1, S_2,\dots,S_n$ then the quantity $P(N_{2n}=2r)$ takes an elegant…