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We estimate the energy density and the gluon distribution associated with the classical fields describing the early-time dynamics of the heavy-ion collisions. We first decompose the energy density into the momentum components exactly in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-03-12 Hirotsugu Fujii , Kenji Fukushima , Yoshimasa Hidaka

Recent experiments have shown that the mean transverse momentum $\langle p_T\rangle$ of outgoing particles increases as a function of the particle multiplicity in ultracentral nucleus-nucleus collisions at collider energies. This increase…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-04-21 Fabian Zhou , Giuliano Giacalone , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Collective flow, its anisotropies and its event-to-event fluctuations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and the extraction of the specific shear viscosity of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) from collective flow data collected in heavy-ion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-08-05 Ulrich W Heinz , Raimond Snellings

Non-equilibrium features of a first order phase transition from the quark-gluon plasma to a hadronic gas in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are discussed. It is demonstrated that strong collective expansion may lead to the fragmentation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 I. N. Mishustin

We apply a recent and simple technique which speeds up the calculation of localized collisions in holography to study more realistic models of heavy ion collisions via the gauge/gravity duality. The initial data takes into account the lumpy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-12 Sebastian Waeber , Laurence G. Yaffe

Fluctuations in the initial conditions for relativistic heavy ion collisions are proving to be crucial to understanding final state flow and jet quenching observables. The initial geometry has been parametrized in terms of moments in the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2011-05-05 James L. Nagle , Michael P. McCumber

We compute the pion inclusive momentum distribution in heavy-ion collisions at AGS energies, assuming thermal equilibrium and accounting for density and expansion effects at the time of decoupling. We compare to data on mid rapidity charged…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Alejandro Ayala , Julio Barreiro , Luis M. Montaño

We solve the Yang-Mills equations in the framework of the McLerran-Venugopalan model for small times tau after a collision of two nuclei. An analytic expansion around tau=0 leads to explicit results for the field strength and the energy…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Rainer J. Fries

Fluctuation and correlation observables are often measured using multi-particle correlation methods and therefore mutually probe the origins of genuine correlations present in multi-particle distribution functions. We investigate the common…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-11 Sean Gavin , George Moschelli

Fluctuations are one of the main probes of the physics of the new state of hot and dense nuclear matter called the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) which is created in the ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions. In this dissertation we extend and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-02-07 Aleksas Mazeliauskas

We have numerically studied the evolution of the heavy ions that expand in a cold background plasma at a large scale. Two typical collective behaviors of the heavy ions are identified with the conditions where only the traversing heavy…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2022-09-19 Guo-Liang Peng , Jun-Jie Zhang , Jian-Nan Chen , Tai-Jiao Du , Hai-Yan Xie

We study the dynamics of quantum fluctuations which take place at the earliest stage of high-energy processes and the conditions under which the data from e-p deep-inelastic scattering may serve as an input for computing the initial data…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Makhlin , E. Surdutovich

We discuss the interplay between collective flow and density profiles, describing light cluster production in heavy ion collisions at very high energies. Calculations are performed within the coalescence model. We show how collective flow…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 A. Polleri , I. N Mishustin , J. P. Bondorf

We analyze the multiplicity correlations between distant forward and backward rapidity regions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in a superposition framework, where the particle production occurs through independent emission from…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Adam Olszewski , Wojciech Broniowski

It is well understood that subnuclear fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions have an important impact on the creation of long-range correlations in the transverse plane. This is also true for the creation of particle…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-23 Oscar Garcia-Montero , Sören Schlichting , Jie Zhu

A dense form of matter is formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The constituent degrees of freedom in this dense matter are currently unknown. Long-range, forward-backward multiplicity correlations (LRC) are expected to arise due to…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2012-11-07 Terence J. Tarnowsky

The quark-gluon plasma, possibly created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, is a strongly interacting many-body parton system. By comparison with strongly coupled electromagnetic plasmas (classical and non-relativistic) it is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-09-06 Markus H. Thoma

Forward two-particle angular correlations in $pA$ collisions have long been recognized as a particularly sensitive observable for exploring gluon saturation effects. In the back-to-back regime, two-particle correlations receive substantial…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-05 Zhan Gao , Cyrille Marquet , Yu Shi , Bo-Wen Xiao

Collective effects are reviewed for collisions of various systems - from proton-proton to heavy ion - in wide energy range. In proton-proton interactions studies of hadron jets devote to the better understanding of some basic features of…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-10-20 V. A. Okorokov

We address the role of fluctuations in strongly interacting matter during the dense stages of a heavy-ion collision through its electromagnetic emission. Fluctuations of isospin charge are considered in a thermal system at rest as well as…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Prakash , R. Rapp , J. Wambach , I. Zahed