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Primordial nucleosynthesis is rightly hailed as one of the great successes of the standard cosmological model. Here we consider the initial forging of elements in the recently proposed Rh = ct universe, a cosmology that demands linear…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-25 Geraint F. Lewis , Luke A. Barnes , Rajesh Kaushik

In extended quintessence models, a scalar field which couples to the curvature scalar R provides most of the energy density of the universe. We point out that such models can also lead naturally to a decrease in the primordial abundance of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Xuelei Chen , Robert J. Scherrer , Gary Steigman

The success of primordial nucleosynthesis as a cornerstone of the hot Big Bang model has been limited by the long-standing lithium problem. Recent work presented a self-consistent perturbative analysis of the effects of variations in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-10 C. J. A. P. Martins

The possibility that the so-called "lithium problem", i.e. the disagreement between the theoretical abundance predicted for primordial $^7$Li assuming standard nucleosynthesis and the value inferred from astrophysical measurements, can be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-03 Laura Salvati , Luca Pagano , Massimiliano Lattanzi , Martina Gerbino , Alessandro Melchiorri

We point out that the cosmological abundance of ${}^7$Li can be reduced down to observed values if during its formation Big Bang Nucleosynthesis is modified by the presence of light electrically neutral particles $X$ that have substantial…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-06-01 Andreas Goudelis , Maxim Pospelov , Josef Pradler

After a brief review of the cosmological lithium problem, we report a few recent attempts to find theoretical solutions by our group at Texas A&M University (Commerce & College Station). We will discuss our studies on the theoretical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-03 C. A. Bertulani , A. M. Mukhamedzhanov , Shubhchintak

The cosmological lithium problem -- that theory predicts a primordial abundance far higher than the observed value -- has resisted decades of attempts by cosmologists, nuclear physicists, and astronomers alike to root out systematics. We…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-09-21 Seth Koren

A critical review is given of the current status of cosmological nucleosynthesis. In the framework of the Standard Model with 3 types of relativistic neutrinos, the baryon-to-photon ratio, $\eta$, corresponding to the inferred primordial…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Brian D. Fields , Paolo Molaro , Subir Sarkar

The R\'{e}nyi entropy, a one-parameter generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy, offers a promising framework for probing quantum gravitational effects in cosmology. By modifying the entropy-area relation of the apparent horizon, R\'{e}nyi…

General Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Ahmad Sheykhi , Ava Shahbazi Sooraki

We studied previously the impact on light-element abundances of gravitinos decaying during or after Big-Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). We found regions of the gravitino mass m_{3/2} and abundance zeta_{3/2} plane where its decays could…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Richard H. Cyburt , John Ellis , Brian D. Fields , Feng Luo , Keith A. Olive , Vassilis C. Spanos

We investigate the modifications to predictions for the abundances of light elements from standard Big-Bang nucleosynthesis when exotic late-decaying particles with lifetimes exceeding ~1 sec are prominent in the early Universe. Utilising a…

New results, namely the independent determination of the deuterium abundance in several quasar absorption systems, and the complementary determination of the cosmological baryon density by observations of anisotropies in the cosmic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Kevork N. Abazajian

The measurement of the cosmic microwave background has strongly constrained the cosmological parameters of the Universe. When the measured density of baryons (ordinary matter) is combined with standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis calculations,…

Data from a recent 9Be(3He,t)9B measurement are used to rule out a possible solution to the cosmological lithium problem based on conventional nuclear physics.

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Oliver S. Kirsebom , Barry Davids

We briefly describe the cosmological lithium problems followed by a summary of our recent theoretical work on the magnitude of the effects of electron screening, the possible existence of dark matter parallel universes and the use of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-07-25 C. A. Bertulani , Shubhchintak , A. M. Mukhamedzhanov

We have recently considered cosmologies in which the Universal scale factor varies as a power of the age of the Universe and concluded that they cannot satisfy the observational constraints on the present age, the magnitude-redshift…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 M. Kaplinghat , G. Steigman , T. P. Walker

Standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis at baryonic density as inferred by WMAP implies a primordial Li7 abundance factor of two to three larger than that inferred by observations of low--metallicity halo stars. Recent observations of Li6 in halo…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 Karsten Jedamzik , Ki-Young Choi , Leszek Roszkowski , Roberto Ruiz de Austri

The primordial abundances of deuterium, helium-3, helium-4, and lithium-7 probe the baryon density of the Universe only a few minutes after the Big Bang. Of these relics from the early Universe, deuterium is the baryometer of choice. After…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gary Steigman

A critical review is given of the current status of cosmological nucleosynthesis. In the framework of the Standard Model with 3 types of relativistic neutrinos, the baryon-to-photon ratio, $\eta$, corresponding to the inferred primordial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-09 Brian Fields , Subir Sarkar

The primordial Lithium Problem is intimately connected to the assumption that ${}^{7}{\rm Li}$ observed in metal-poor halo stars retains its primordial abundance, which lies significantly below the predictions of standard big-bang…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-04-08 Brian D. Fields , Keith A. Olive