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Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the density matrix of a quantum system from measured data, is of fundamental importance for the verification of present and future quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-22 M. Cramer , M. B. Plenio

Matrix product states (MPS) are a central language for one-dimensional quantum matter and a practical target for near-term quantum simulators and variational algorithms. Yet, while substantial effort has focused on preparing MPS with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Hyunho Cha , Subin Kim , Jungwoo Lee

This paper introduces matrix product state (MPS) decomposition as a computational tool for extracting features of multidimensional data represented by higher-order tensors. Regardless of tensor order, MPS extracts its relevant features to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-01-22 Johann A. Bengua , Ho N. Phien , Hoang D. Tuan , Minh N. Do

This paper introduces matrix product state (MPS) decomposition as a new and systematic method to compress multidimensional data represented by higher-order tensors. It solves two major bottlenecks in tensor compression: computation and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-02 Johann A. Bengua , Ho N. Phien , Hoang D. Tuan , Minh N. Do

The truncation or compression of the spectrum of Schmidt values is inherent to the matrix product state (MPS) approximation of one-dimensional quantum ground states. We provide a renormalization group picture by interpreting this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-23 Matthias Bal , Marek M. Rams , Valentin Zauner , Jutho Haegeman , Frank Verstraete

We introduce an efficient method to calculate the ground state of one-dimensional lattice models with periodic boundary conditions. The method works in the representation of Matrix Product States (MPS), related to the Density Matrix…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2010-02-16 Peter Pippan , Steven R. White , Hans Gerd Evertz

Tensor networks, which are originally developed for characterizing complex quantum many-body systems, have recently emerged as a powerful framework for capturing high-dimensional probability distributions with strong physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Haotong Duan , Zhongming Chen , Ngai Wong

Recent contributions in the field of quantum state tomography have shown that, despite the exponential growth of Hilbert space with the number of subsystems, tomography of one-dimensional quantum systems may still be performed efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-19 Tillmann Baumgratz , David Gross , Marcus Cramer , Martin B. Plenio

Quantum state tomography is a key technique for quantum information processing, but is challenging due to the exponential growth of its complexity with the system size. In this work, we propose an algorithm which iteratively finds the best…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-13 Donghong Han , Chu Guo , Xiaoting Wang

In the era of noisy, intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, the efficient preparation of many-body resource states is a task of paramount importance. In this paper we focus on the deterministic preparation of matrix-product states (MPS)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 David T. Stephen , Oliver Hart

We present a method for quantum state tomography that enables the efficient estimation, with fixed precision, of any of the matrix elements of the density matrix of a state, provided that the states from the basis in which the matrix is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Ariel Bendersky , Juan Pablo Paz

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the gold standard technique for obtaining an estimate for the state of small quantum systems in the laboratory. Its application to systems with more than a few constituents (e.g. particles) soon becomes…

This work gives a detailed investigation of matrix product state (MPS) representations for pure multipartite quantum states. We determine the freedom in representations with and without translation symmetry, derive respective canonical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-08-02 D. Perez-Garcia , F. Verstraete , M. M. Wolf , J. I. Cirac

We present a new method for compressing matrix product operators (MPOs) which represent sums of local terms, such as Hamiltonians. Just as with area law states, such local operators may be fully specified with a small amount of information…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-09-22 Daniel E. Parker , Xiangyu Cao , Michael P. Zaletel

Matrix Product States (MPS) are a particular type of one dimensional tensor network states, that have been applied to the study of numerous quantum many body problems. One of their key features is the possibility to describe and encode…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-02 Ilya Kull , Andras Molnar , Erez Zohar , J. Ignacio Cirac

The canonical form of Matrix Product States (MPS) and the associated fundamental theorem, which relates different MPS representations of a state, are the theoretical framework underlying many of the analytical results derived through MPS,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-17 Gemma De las Cuevas , J. Ignacio Cirac , Norbert Schuch , David Perez-Garcia

Learning the closest matrix product state (MPS) representation of a quantum state enables useful tools for quantum machine learning and analysis of complex quantum systems. In this work, we study the problem of learning MPS in the following…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Chia-Ying Lin , Nai-Hui Chia , Shih-Han Hung

Quantum state tomography, the ability to deduce the state of a quantum system from measured data, is the gold standard for verification and benchmarking of quantum devices. It has been realized in systems with few components, but for larger…

Matrix Product State (MPS) is a versatile tensor network representation widely applied in quantum physics, quantum chemistry, and machine learning, etc. MPS sampling serves as a critical fundamental operation in these fields. As the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Yaojian Chen , Si-Qiu Gong , Lin Gan , Yanfei Liu , An Yang , Yinuo Wang , Chao-yang Lu , Guangwen Yang

The generalization of matrix product states (MPS) to continuous systems, as proposed in the breakthrough paper [F. Verstraete, J.I. Cirac, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 190405(2010)], provides a powerful variational ansatz for the ground state of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-06-07 Martin Ganahl , Julian Rincon , Guifre Vidal
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