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We develop a novel technique to extract credit-relevant information from the text of quarterly earnings calls. This information is not spanned by fundamental or market variables and forecasts future credit spread changes. One reason for…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-12 Harry Mamaysky , Yiwen Shen , Hongyu Wu

Financial reporting systems increasingly leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract and summarize corporate disclosures. However, most existing approaches assume a single-market setting and overlook structural differences across…

Financial statement auditing is essential for stakeholders to understand a company's financial health, yet current manual processes are inefficient and error-prone. Even with extensive verification procedures, auditors frequently miss…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Rushi Wang , Jiateng Liu , Weijie Zhao , Shenglan Li , Denghui Zhang

Every publicly traded U.S. company files an annual 10-K report containing critical insights into financial health and risk. We propose Tiny eXplainable Risk Assessor (TinyXRA), a lightweight and explainable transformer-based model that…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-04 Xue Wen Tan , Stanley Kok

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support the analysis of complex financial disclosures, yet their reliability, behavioral consistency, and transparency remain insufficiently understood in high-stakes settings. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Talha Mohsin

Understanding a Reinforcement Learning (RL) policy is crucial for ensuring that autonomous agents behave according to human expectations. This goal can be achieved using Explainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL) techniques. Although textual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ahmad Terra , Mohit Ahmed , Rafia Inam , Elena Fersman , Martin Törngren

Autonomous business processes (ABPs), i.e., self-executing workflows leveraging AI/ML, have the potential to improve operational efficiency, reduce errors, lower costs, improve response times, and free human workers for more strategic and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Peter Fettke , Fabiana Fournier , Lior Limonad , Andreas Metzger , Stefanie Rinderle-Ma , Barbara Weber

Over the last decade, several regulatory bodies have started requiring the disclosure of non-financial information from publicly listed companies, in light of the investors' increasing attention to Environmental, Social, and Governance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Marco Bronzini , Carlo Nicolini , Bruno Lepri , Andrea Passerini , Jacopo Staiano

A public firm's bankruptcy prediction is an important financial research problem because of the security price downside risks. Traditional methods rely on accounting metrics that suffer from shortcomings like window dressing and…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-05 Sridhar Ravula

The rapid development of artificial intelligence methods contributes to their wide applications for forecasting various financial risks in recent years. This study introduces a novel explainable case-based reasoning (CBR) approach without a…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-20 Wei Li , Florentina Paraschiv , Georgios Sermpinis

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into financial workflows, but evaluation practice has not kept up. Finance-specific biases can inflate performance, contaminate backtests, and make reported results useless for any…

Annual Reports of publicly listed companies contain vital information about their financial health which can help assess the potential impact on Stock price of the firm. These reports are comprehensive in nature, going up to, and sometimes…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-07 Udit Gupta

Solving financial problems demands complex reasoning, multimodal data processing, and a broad technical understanding, presenting unique challenges for current large language models (LLMs). We introduce XFinBench, a novel benchmark with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Zhihan Zhang , Yixin Cao , Lizi Liao

ODRL is a popular XML-based language for stating the conditions under which resources can be accessed legitimately. The language is described in English and, as a result, agreements written in ODRL are open to interpretation. To address…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Riccardo Pucella , Vicky Weissman

Financial institutions of all sizes are increasingly adopting Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance credit assessments, deliver personalized client advisory services, and automate various language-intensive processes. However, effectively…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Ahmadreza Tavasoli , Maedeh Sharbaf , Seyed Mohamad Madani

Lexicon-based sentiment analysis (SA) in finance leverages specialized, manually annotated lexicons created by human experts to extract sentiment from financial texts. Although lexicon-based methods are simple to implement and fast to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Maryan Rizinski , Hristijan Peshov , Kostadin Mishev , Milos Jovanovik , Dimitar Trajanov

With the increasing deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the finance domain, LLMs are increasingly expected to parse complex regulatory disclosures. However, existing benchmarks often focus on isolated details, failing to reflect…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yidong Jiang , Junrong Chen , Eftychia Makri , Jialin Chen , Peiwen Li , Ali Maatouk , Leandros Tassiulas , Eliot Brenner , Bing Xiang , Rex Ying

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to financial analysis, yet their ability to audit structured financial statements under explicit accounting principles remains poorly explored. Existing benchmarks primarily evaluate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Arun Vignesh Malarkkan , Manan Roy Choudhury , Guangwei Zhang , Vivek Gupta , Qingyun Wang , Yanjie Fu , Denghui Zhang

Notwithstanding the significant traction gained by ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) in both academia and 3GPP standardization, fundamentals of URLLC remain elusive. Meanwhile, new immersive and high-stake control…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Jihong Park , Sumudu Samarakoon , Hamid Shiri , Mohamed K. Abdel-Aziz , Takayuki Nishio , Anis Elgabli , Mehdi Bennis

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly reshaping learning paradigms, cognitive processes, and research methodologies across diverse domains. As their adoption expands, effectively integrating LLMs into professional fields and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jie Zhou , Xin Chen , Jie Zhang , Zhe Li