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In many sports, it is commonly believed that the home team has an advantage over the visiting team, known as the home field advantage. Yet its causal effect on team performance is largely unknown. In this paper, we propose a novel causal…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-18 Chen Wang , Katherine Price , Hengrui Cai , Weining Shen , Zhanrui Cai , Guanyu Hu

We propose utilizing match-level suspense and surprise - which capture the entertainment utility created by competitive balance and outcome uncertainty for sports spectators - as alternative policy targets for league organizers and…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-27 Raphael Flepp , Tim Pawlowski , Travis Richardson

In this work we study the ranking algorithm used by F\'ed\'eration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA); we analyze the parameters it currently uses, show the formal probabilistic model from which it can be derived, and optimize…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-04 Leszek Szczecinski , Iris-Ioana Roatis

A family of consistent tests, derived from a characterization of the probability generating function, is proposed for assessing Poissonity against a wide class of count distributions, which includes some of the most frequently adopted…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-11 Antonio Di Noia , Marzia Marcheselli , Caterina Pisani , Luca Pratelli

In this paper, we present betting strategy of a football game using probability theory. We know all betting houses offer slightly unfair odds towards the player. Here we discuss a simple way to figure out which betting house is offering…

Applications · Statistics 2017-06-07 Kanika Saha , Ananya Lahiri

Calibration is a classical notion from the forecasting literature which aims to address the question: how should predicted probabilities be interpreted? In a world where we only get to observe (discrete) outcomes, how should we evaluate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Parikshit Gopalan , Lunjia Hu

This paper studies competitions with rank-based reward among a large number of teams. Within each sizable team, we consider a mean-field contribution game in which each team member contributes to the jump intensity of a common Poisson…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Xiang Yu , Yuchong Zhang , Zhou Zhou

This study employs Bayesian methodologies to explore the influence of player or positional factors in predicting the probability of a shot resulting in a goal, measured by the expected goals (xG) metric. Utilising publicly available data…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-14 Alexander Scholtes , Oktay Karakuş

The widespread popularity of soccer across the globe has turned it into a multi-billion dollar industry. As a result, most professional clubs actively engage in talent identification and development programmes. Contemporary research has…

Applications · Statistics 2021-05-05 Vincent Chin , Adam Beavan , Job Fransen , Jan Mayer , Robert Kohn , Louise M. Ryan , Scott A. Sisson

What does it mean to say that, for example, the probability for rain tomorrow is between 20% and 30%? The theory for the evaluation of precise probabilistic forecasts is well-developed and is grounded in the key concepts of proper scoring…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Christian Fröhlich , Robert C. Williamson

In the last round of the FIFA World Cup group stage, games for which the outcome does not affect the selection of the qualified teams are played with little enthusiasm. Furthermore, a team that has already qualified may take into account…

Applications · Statistics 2021-02-04 Mario Chater , Luc Arrondel , Jean-Pascal Gayant , Jean-François Laslier

Uncertainty associated with statistical problems arises due to what has not been seen as opposed to what has been seen. Using probability to quantify the uncertainty the task is to construct a probability model for what has not been seen…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-06 Fuheng Cui , Stephen G. Walker

Soccer is undeniably the most popular sport world-wide and everyone from general managers and coaching staff to fans and media are interested in evaluating players' performance. Metrics applied successfully in other sports, such as the…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-04 Konstantinos Pelechrinis , Wayne Winston

In this research, we examine the capabilities of different mathematical models to accurately predict various levels of the English football pyramid. Existing work has largely focused on top-level play in European leagues; however, our work…

In arXiv:2107.05714 the concept of the Voronoi diagram was investigated closely from a theoretical point of view. Then, a physics-driven kinematical method was introduced to produce an improved model for dominance space in soccer. Remaining…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-02-02 Costas J. Efthimiou , Gregory DeCamillis , Indranil Ghosh

In all competitions where results are based upon an individual's performance the question of whether the outcome is a consequence of skill or luck arises. We explore this question through an analysis of a large dataset of approximately one…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-06-09 Joseph D. O'Brien , James P. Gleeson , David J. P. O'Sullivan

Based on NFL game data we try to predict the outcome of a play in multiple different ways. An application of this is the following: by plugging in various play options one could determine the best play for a given situation in real time.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-05 Brendan Teich , Roman Lutz , Valentin Kassarnig

Sport analysis is crucial for team performance since it provides actionable data that can inform coaching decisions, improve player performance, and enhance team strategies. To analyze more complex features from game footage, a computer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Adrian Manchado , Tanner Cellio , Jonathan Keane , Yiyang Wang

Inspired by applications in sports where the skill of players or teams competing against each other varies over time, we propose a probabilistic model of pairwise-comparison outcomes that can capture a wide range of time dynamics. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-20 Lucas Maystre , Victor Kristof , Matthias Grossglauser

One of the main shortcomings of event data in football, which has been extensively used for analytics in the recent years, is that it still requires manual collection, thus limiting its availability to a reduced number of tournaments. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-01 Ferran Vidal-Codina , Nicolas Evans , Bahaeddine El Fakir , Johsan Billingham