Related papers: "Strange" occurrences in SuperEnalotto
Let w be a binary string and let a_w (n) be the number of occurrences of the word w in the binary expansion of n. As usual we let s(n) denote the Stern sequence; that is, s(0)=0, s(1)=1, and for n >= 1, s(2n)=s(n) and s(2n+1)=s(n)+s(n+1).…
In this note we study the {\em asymptotic popularity}, that is, the limit probability to find a given consecutive pattern at a random position in a random permutation in the eighteen classes of permutations avoiding at least two length 3…
A superpermutation is a sequence that contains every permutation of $n$ distinct symbols as a contiguous substring. For instance, a valid example for three symbols is a sequence that contains all six permutations. This paper introduces a…
We study the problem of computing a longest increasing subsequence in a sequence $S$ of $n$ distinct elements in the presence of persistent comparison errors. In this model, every comparison between two elements can return the wrong result…
By a classical result of Gauss and Kuzmin, the continued fraction expansion of a ``random'' real number contains each digit $a\in\mathbb{N}$ with asymptotic frequency $\log_2(1+1/(a(a+2)))$. We generalize this result in two directions:…
A certain sampling process, concerning an urn with balls of two colors, proposed in 1965 by B.E. Oakley and R.L. Perry, and discussed by Peter Winkler and Martin Gardner, that has an extremely simple answer for the probability, namely the…
Given a (possibly infinite) subset $A$ of the natural numbers, we ask how many times a fair six-sided die must be rolled until the rolled numbers add up to an element of $A$. Using a one-dimensional dynamic programming recursion together…
We introduce a method for showing that there exist prime numbers which are very close together. The method depends on the level of distribution of primes in arithmetic progressions. Assuming the Elliott-Halberstam conjecture, we prove that…
We count permutations avoiding a nonconsecutive instance of a two- or three-letter pattern, that is, the pattern may occur but only as consecutive entries in the permutation. Two-letter patterns give rise to the Fibonacci numbers. The…
Using evaluations of the difference between consecutive primes we develop another way of estimating of the number of primes in the interval $(n, 2n)$. We also discuss the ultra Cramer conjecture, $p_{n+1} - p_n = O(log^{1+\epsilon}p_n)$…
Sequential likelihood ratio testing is found to be most powerful in sequential studies with early stopping rules when grouped data come from the one-parameter exponential family. First, to obtain this elusive result, the probability measure…
Given a set of integers containing no 3-term arithmetic progressions, one constructs a Stanley sequence by choosing integers greedily without forming such a progression. Independent Stanley sequences are a "well-structured" class of Stanley…
We consider the concatenation of $t$ uniformly random perfect matchings on $2n$ vertices, where the operation of concatenation is inspired by the multiplication of generators of the Brauer algebra $\mathfrak{B}_n(\delta)$. For the resulting…
The classic string indexing problem is to preprocess a string $S$ into a compact data structure that supports efficient subsequent pattern matching queries, that is, given a pattern string $P$, report all occurrences of $P$ within $S$. In…
In this work, Bernoulli's Law of Large Numbers, also known as the Golden theorem, has been extended to study the relations between empirical probability and empirical randomness of an otherwise random experiment. Using the example of a coin…
Permanents of random matrices with independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) entries have extensively studied in literature and convergence and concentration properties are known under varying assumptions on the distributions. In…
If the list of binary numbers is read by upward-sloping diagonals, the resulting ``sloping binary numbers'' 0, 11, 110, 101, 100, 1111, 1010, ... (or 0, 3, 6, 5, 4, 15, 10, ...) have some surprising properties. We give formulae for the n-th…
(Note. The results of this manuscript has been merged and published with another paper of the same authors: A new approach to nonrepetitve sequences.) A repetition of size $h$ ($h\geqslant1$) in a given sequence is a subsequence of…
The sequence starts with a(1) = 1; to extend it one writes the sequence so far as XY^k, where X and Y are strings of integers, Y is nonempty and k is as large as possible: then the next term is k. The sequence begins 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2,…
We define a sequence of positive integers recursively, where each term is determined as follows: starting with a given positive integer, if the term is odd, the next is the sum of its positive divisors; if the term is even, the subsequent…