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Free independence is an important tool for studying the structure of operator algebras. It is natural to ask from the model-theoretic standpoint whether free independence is captured well in first-order model theory via the notion of a…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2026-02-25 William Boulanger , Jakub Curda , Emma Harvey , Yizhi Li , Jennifer Pi

We give conditions on a finite set of series of rational numbers to ensure that they are algebraically independent. Specialising our results to polynomials of lower degree, we also obtain new results on irrationality and $mathbb{Q}$-linear…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Jaroslav Hancl , Mathias L. Laursen , Simon Kristensen

The object of observation in present paper is statistical independence of real sequences and its description as independence with re spect to certain class of densities.

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Milan Pasteka

Let $R$ denote a 2-fir. The notions of F-independence and algebraic subsets of R are defined. The decomposition of an algebraic subset into similarity classes gives a simple way of translating the F-independence in terms of dimension of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. Leroy , A. Ozturk

The analyzability of the universe into subsystems requires a concept of the "independence" of the subsystems, of which the relativistic quantum world supports many distinct notions which either coincide or are trivial in the classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-16 Stephen J. Summers

Convex sets arising in a variety of applications are well-defined for every relevant dimension. Examples include the simplex and the spectraplex that correspond to probability distributions and to quantum states; combinatorial polytopes and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Eitan Levin , Venkat Chandrasekaran

We deal with stability theory for ``reasonable'' non-elementary classes without any remanents of compactness (like: above Hanf number or definable by L_{omega_1, omega}).

Logic · Mathematics 2007-08-15 Saharon Shelah

The notion of a tensor product with projections or with inclusions is defined. It is shown that the definition of stochastic independence relies on such a structure and that independence can be defined in an arbitrary category with a tensor…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2021-04-21 Uwe Franz

Let $X$ be a max-stable random vector with positive continuous density. It is proved that the conditional independence of any collection of disjoint sub-vectors of $X$ given the remaining components implies their joint independence. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-18 Ioannis Papastathopoulos , Kirstin Strokorb

This chapter explores the notion of "dimension" of a set. Various power laws by which an Euclidean space can be characterized are used to define dimensions, which then explore different aspects of the set. Also discussed are the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-10 Somendra M. Bhattacharjee

We establish a generic result concerning order independence of a dominance relation on finite games. It allows us to draw conclusions about order independence of various dominance relations in a direct and simple way.

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2011-01-06 Krzysztof R. Apt

This paper introduces the notions of independence and conditional independence in valuation-based systems (VBS). VBS is an axiomatic framework capable of representing many different uncertainty calculi. We define independence and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Prakash P. Shenoy

We construct meta-intransitive systems of independent random variables of any finite order from basic tuple of random variables which generalize intransitive dice. Under this construction, the equality of some linear functional is…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-07 Alexey V. Lebedev

We present several philosophical ideas emerging from the studies of complex systems. We make a brief introduction to the basic concepts of complex systems, for then defining "abstraction levels". These are useful for representing…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlos Gershenson

Two objects are independent if they do not affect each other. Independence is well-understood in classical information theory, but less in algorithmic information theory. Working in the framework of algorithmic information theory, the paper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-02-05 Cristian Calude , Marius Zimand

The work lays the foundations of the theory of changeable sets. In author opinion, this theory, in the process of it's development and improvement, can become one of the tools of solving the sixth Hilbert problem least for physics of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-07-18 Ya. I. Grushka

A dependent theory is a (first order complete theory) T which does not have the independence property. A main result here is: if we expand a model of T by the traces on it of sets definable in a bigger model then we preserve its being…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-02-20 Saharon Shelah

We give a sufficient condition for the Fourier dimension of a countable union of sets to equal the supremum of the Fourier dimensions of the sets in the union, and show by example that the Fourier dimension is not countably stable in…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2016-06-09 Fredrik Ekström , Tomas Persson , Jörg Schmeling

We consider the problem of bounding large deviations for non-i.i.d. random variables that are allowed to have arbitrary dependencies. Previous works typically assumed a specific dependence structure, namely the existence of independent…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-11-06 Christoph H. Lampert , Liva Ralaivola , Alexander Zimin

In this paper we introduce several natural definitions of asymptotic independence of two sequences of random elements. We discuss their basic properties, some simple connections between them and connections with properties of weak…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-25 Youri Davydov , Svyatoslav Novikov