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Fallback authentication is the backup authentication method used when the primary authentication method (e.g., passwords, fingerprints, etc.) fails. Currently, widely-deployed fallback authentication methods (e.g., security questions, email…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Alaadin Addas , Julie Thorpe , Amirali Salehi-Abari

Although Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have been widely applied, the privacy and security risks they face, such as data leakage and data poisoning, have not been systematically addressed yet. Existing defense strategies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Zhongliang Yang

Nowadays, we are increasingly logging on many different Internet sites to access private data like emails or photos remotely stored in the clouds. This makes us all the more concerned with digital identity theft and passwords being stolen…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2013-04-25 Frank Nielsen

Passwords remain the primary authentication method, yet user-created passwords are often the weakest due to the security-usability trade-off. Although AI-based password generators are emerging, little is known about their effectiveness and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Duru Paker , Suleyman Ozdel , Enkelejda Kasneci

Locimetric authentication is a form of graphical authentication in which users validate their identity by selecting predetermined points on a predetermined image. Its primary advantage over the ubiquitous text-based approach stems from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Antonios Saravanos , Dongnanzi Zheng , Stavros Zervoudakis , Donatella Delfino

Risk-based authentication (RBA) aims to protect users against attacks involving stolen passwords. RBA monitors features during login, and requests re-authentication when feature values widely differ from previously observed ones. It is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Stephan Wiefling , Paul René Jørgensen , Sigurd Thunem , Luigi Lo Iacono

Gestures are a topic of increasing interest in authentication and successful implementation as a security layer requires reliable gesture recognition. So far much work focuses on new ways to recognize gestures, leaving discussion on the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-08-28 Gradeigh D. Clark , Janne Lindqvist

Risk-based Authentication (RBA) is an adaptive security measure that improves the security of password-based authentication by protecting against credential stuffing, password guessing, or phishing attacks. RBA monitors extra features…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Stephan Wiefling , Tanvi Patil , Markus Dürmuth , Luigi Lo Iacono

This paper aims to evaluate the safety of a pixel-based image encryption method, which has been proposed to apply images with no visual information to deep neural networks (DNN), in terms of robustness against ciphertext-only attacks (COA).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Warit Sirichotedumrong , Yuma Kinoshita , Hitoshi Kiya

User authentication can rely on various factors (e.g., a password, a cryptographic key, biometric data) but should not reveal any secret or private information. This seemingly paradoxical feat can be achieved through zero-knowledge proofs.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Laurent Chuat , Sarah Plocher , Adrian Perrig

Due to their convenience and high accuracy, face recognition systems are widely employed in governmental and personal security applications to automatically recognise individuals. Despite recent advances, face recognition systems have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Mathias Ibsen , Lázaro J. González-Soler , Christian Rathgeb , Pawel Drozdowski , Marta Gomez-Barrero , Christoph Busch

In recent cyber attacks, credential theft has emerged as one of the primary vectors of gaining entry into the system. Once attacker(s) have a foothold in the system, they use various techniques including token manipulation to elevate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Jaimandeep Singh , Chintan Patel , Naveen Kumar Chaudhary

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents extend large language models from text generation to action execution in real-world digital environments. Unlike conversational systems, GUI agents perform irreversible operations such as submitting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yucheng Shi , Wenhao Yu , Jingyuan Huang , Wenlin Yao , Wenhu Chen , Ninghao Liu

Web applications are prime targets for cyberattacks as gateways to critical services and sensitive data. Traditional penetration testing is costly and expertise-intensive, making it difficult to scale with the growing web ecosystem. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Xiaoxue Ren , Penghao Jiang , Kaixin Li , Zhiyong Huang , Xiaoning Du , Jiaojiao Jiang , Zhenchang Xing , Jiamou Sun , Terry Yue Zhuo

Risk-based Authentication (RBA) is an adaptive security measure to strengthen password-based authentication. RBA monitors additional features during login, and when observed feature values differ significantly from previously seen ones,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Stephan Wiefling , Markus Dürmuth , Luigi Lo Iacono

Network & internet security is the burning question of today's world and they are deeply related to each other for secure successful data transmission. Network security approach is totally based on the concept of network security services.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Sanjay Majumder , Sanjay Chakraborty , Suman Das

Various visual information protection methods have been proposed for privacy-preserving deep neural networks (DNNs). In contrast, attack methods on such protection methods have been studied simultaneously. In this paper, we evaluate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Warit Sirichotedumrong , Hitoshi Kiya

Providing security for webservers against unwanted and automated registrations has become a big concern. To prevent these kinds of false registrations many websites use CAPTCHAs. Among all kinds of CAPTCHAs OCR-Based or visual CAPTCHAs are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-10-17 Ariyan Zarei

With the latest developments in technology, extra and extra human beings depend on their private gadgets to keep their touchy information. Concurrently, the surroundings in which these gadgets are linked have grown to grow to be greater…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Rushit Dave

Security risk assessment is essential in establishing the trustworthiness and reliability of modern systems. While various security risk assessment approaches exist, prevalent applications are "pen and paper" implementations that -- even if…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Avi Shaked