Related papers: Simulation of large photomultipliers for experimen…

Since the early days of experimental particle physics photomultipliers (PMTs) have played an important role in the detector design. Thanks to their capability of fast photon counting, PMTs are extensively used in the new-generation of…

Future large water Cherenkov and scintillator detectors have been proposed for measurements of long baseline neutrino oscillations, proton decay, supernova and solar neutrinos. To ensure cost-effectiveness and optimize scientific reach, one…

In astroparticle experiments, photomultiplier tubes are crucial for detecting Cherenkov radiation emitted by charged particles, owing to their exceptional sensitivity to low-intensity light, which is essential for studying high-energy…

It is critical to construct an accurate optical model of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) in many applications to describe the angular and spectral responses of the photon detection efficiency (PDE) of the PMTs in their working media. In this…

The performance of a large-scale water Cherenkov neutrino telescope relies heavily on the transparency of the surrounding water, quantified by its level of light absorption and scattering. A pathfinder experiment was carried out to measure…

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used in neutrino and other experiments for the detection of weak light. To date PMTs are the most sensitive single photon detector per unit area. In addition to the quantum efficiency for photon…

This paper presents a quantum efficiency measurement setup based on a 2D motorized stage, a wide spectrum xenon lamp, a beam splitter system, and two calibrated photo-diodes for measuring the quantum efficiency (QE) of photomultiplier tubes…

Improving the coincidence time resolution (CTR) of time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) systems to achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain or even direct positron emission imaging (dPEI) is of paramount importance…

We report on a low-cost apparatus to extend a photomultiplier tube (PMT) testing setup to operations at high humidity and/or at an elevated temperature. This setup allows a determination of whether a PMT can successfully operate for an…

We have developed a prototype of the photomultiplier tube (PMT) readout system for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) Large Size Telescope (LST). Two thousand PMTs along with their readout systems are arranged on the focal plane of each…

Currently the standard light sensors for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes are the classical photo multiplier tubes that are using bialkali photo cathodes. About eight years ago we initiated an improvement program with the Photo…

In the framework of the development of the SWGO experiment we have performed a detailed study of the single unit of an extensive air shower observatory based on an array of water Cherenkov detectors. Indeed, one of the possible water…

In low background and low threshold particle astrophysics experiments using observation of Cherenkov or scintillation light it is common to use pairs or arrays of photomultipliers operated in coincidence. In such circumstances, for instance…

The peak photon detection efficiency (PDE) of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) can be as good or better than the PDE of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). There are experiments where the signal is measured in the presence of a strong, steady…

Water Cherenkov Detectors (WCDs) are pivotal in various scientific fields, including neutrino physics, gamma-ray astronomy, and cosmic-ray research. The detection sensitivity and precision of these detectors crucially rely on…

The multi-Photomultiplier Tube (mPMT) photosensors will be used in the Water Cherenkov Test Experiment (WCTE) to efficiently detect the photons produced in the whole detector. One of the aims behind the development of WCTE is to test the…

We report on the progress in characterization of the Hamamatsu model R11410-21 Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) for XENON1T dark matter experiment. The absolute quantum efficiency (QE) of the PMT was measured at low temperatures down to -110…

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) with large-area cathodes are increasingly being used in cosmic-ray experiments to enhance detection efficiency. The optical modules (OMs) of the High-Energy Underwater Neutrino Telescope (HUNT) have employed a…

Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) are widely used in astroparticle physics experiments to detect light flashes (e.g. fluorescence or Cherenkov light) from extensive air showers (EASs) initiated by statistically rare very high energy cosmic…

Hyper-Kamiokande, the next generation large water Cherenkov detector in Japan, is planning to use approximately 80,000 20-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). They are one of the major cost factors of the experiment. We propose a novel…