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Re-Pair is an efficient grammar compressor that operates by recursively replacing high-frequency character pairs with new grammar symbols. The most space-efficient linear-time algorithm computing Re-Pair uses $(1+\epsilon)n+\sqrt n$ words…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-28 Philip Bille , Inge Li Gørtz , Nicola Prezza

Today there are many universal compression algorithms, but in most cases is for specific data better using specific algorithm - JPEG for images, MPEG for movies, etc. For textual documents there are special methods based on PPM algorithm or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Jan Platos , Jiri Dvorsky

This work presents a novel trie (prefix-tree)-based parallel decoding method that addresses the memory inefficiency of batch-based beam search. By sharing a single KV cache across beams with common prefixes, our approach dramatically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Brian J Chan , MaoXun Huang , Jui-Hung Cheng , Chao-Ting Chen , Hen-Hsen Huang

Given two positions $i$ and $j$ in a string $T$ of length $N$, a longest common extension (LCE) query asks for the length of the longest common prefix between suffixes beginning at $i$ and $j$. A compressed LCE data structure is a data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Tomohiro I

Bidirectional compression algorithms work by substituting repeated substrings by references that, unlike in the famous LZ77-scheme, can point to either direction. We present such an algorithm that is particularly suited for an external…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Patrick Dinklage , Jonas Ellert , Johannes Fischer , Dominik Köppl , Manuel Penschuck

We use the traveling front approach to derive exact asymptotic results for the statistics of the number of particles in a class of directed diffusion limited aggregation models on a Cayley tree. We point out that some aspects of these…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Satya N. Majumdar

Efficient key-value (KV) cache compression is critical for scaling transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) in long sequences and resource-limited settings. Existing methods evict tokens based on their positions or importance scores,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ziwei He , Jian Yuan , Haoli Bai , Jingwen Leng , Bo Jiang

Prefix caching is a key latency optimization for autoregressive LLM serving, yet existing systems assume dense per-token key/value reuse. State-space models change the structure of the problem: a recurrent layer can resume from a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Mikhail Shirokikh , Sergey Nikolenko

The rise of repetitive datasets has lately generated a lot of interest in compressed self-indexes based on dictionary compression, a rich and heterogeneous family that exploits text repetitions in different ways. For each such compression…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Gonzalo Navarro , Nicola Prezza

The suffix array is a data structure that finds numerous applications in string processing problems for both linguistic texts and biological data. It has been introduced as a memory efficient alternative for suffix trees. The suffix array…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-07-05 Sanguthevar Rajasekaran , Marius Nicolae

Research techniques in the last decade have improved lossless compression ratios by significantly increasing processing time. These techniques have remained obscure because production systems require high throughput and low resource…

We present first algorithmic ideas for a practical and lightweight adaption of the DCX suffix array construction algorithm [Sanders et al., 2003] to the distributed-memory setting. Our approach relies on a bucketing technique which enables…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Manuel Haag , Florian Kurpicz , Peter Sanders , Matthias Schimek

Suffix trees and suffix arrays are two of the most widely used data structures for text indexing. Each uses linear space and can be constructed in linear time for polynomially sized alphabets. However, when it comes to answering queries…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-11-08 Richard Cole , Tsvi Kopelowitz , Moshe Lewenstein

In this work, we study the limits of compressed data structures, i.e., structures that support various queries on an input text $T\in\Sigma^n$ using space proportional to the size of $T$ in compressed form. Nearly all fundamental queries…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

Tries are among the most versatile and widely used data structures on words. They are pertinent to the (internal) structure of (stored) words and several splitting procedures used in diverse contexts ranging from document taxonomy to IP…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-09-20 Kevin Leckey , Ralph Neininger , Wojciech Szpankowski

Converting a compressed format of a string into another compressed format without an explicit decompression is one of the central research topics in string processing. We discuss the problem of converting the run-length Burrows-Wheeler…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Takaaki Nishimoto , Yasuo Tabei

Data compression is a powerful tool for managing massive but repetitive datasets, especially schemes such as grammar-based compression that support computation over the data without decompressing it. In the best case such a scheme takes a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Travis Gagie , Tomohiro I , Giovanni Manzini , Gonzalo Navarro , Hiroshi Sakamoto , Yoshimasa Takabatake

Grammar-based compression is a popular and powerful approach to compressing repetitive texts but until recently its relatively poor time-space trade-offs during real-life construction made it impractical for truly massive datasets such as…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Travis Gagie , Tomohiro I , Giovanni Manzini , Gonzalo Navarro , Hiroshi Sakamoto , Louisa Seelbach Benkner , Yoshimasa Takabatake

A family of Lempel-Ziv factorizations is a well-studied string structure. The LZ-End factorization is a member of the family that achieved faster extraction of any substrings (Kreft & Navarro, TCS 2013). One of the interests for LZ-End…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Takumi Ideue , Takuya Mieno , Mitsuru Funakoshi , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Masayuki Takeda

We show how to build several data structures of central importance to string processing, taking as input the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) and using small extra working space. Let $n$ be the text length and $\sigma$ be the alphabet size.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-14 Nicola Prezza , Giovanna Rosone