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Event-by-Event Fluctuations and the Search for the Critical Point within the NA49 Experiment

In heavy-ion collisions in the energy regime probed at the CERN SPS, experimental hints for the deconfinement phase transition have been seen in numerous inclusive hadronic observables. In order to further characterize this transition, and…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-14 Tim Schuster

Event-by-Event Fluctuations Clusterization and Entropy Production in AA Collisions at AGS and SPS Energies

Event-by-event (ebe) fluctuations in mean pseudorapidity values of relativistic charged particles in full phase space is studied by analysing experimental data on $^{16}O-AgBr$ collisions at 14.5A, 60A, and 200A GeV/c and $^{32}S-AgBr$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-05-31 Bushra Ali , Shaista Khan , Anuj Chandra , Shakeel Ahmad

Elucidating the event-by-event flow fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions via the event shape selection technique

The presence of large event-by-event flow fluctuations in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC provides an opportunity to study a broad class of flow observables. This paper explores the correlations among harmonic flow coefficients…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2014-09-12 Peng Huo , Jiangyong Jia , Soumya Mohapatra

Fluctuations of Particle Yield Ratios in Heavy-Ion Collisions

We study the dynamical fluctuations of various particle yield ratios at different incident energies. Assuming that the particle production yields in the hydronic final state are due to equilibrium chemical processes ($\gamma=1$), the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-13 A. Tawfik

Intrinsic Fluctuations of the Proton Saturation Momentum Scale in High Multiplicity p+p Collisions

High multiplicity events in p+p collisions are studied using the theory of the Color Glass Condensate. We show that intrinsic fluctuations of the proton saturation momentum scale are needed in addition to the sub-nucleonic color charge…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-12-11 Larry McLerran , Prithwish Tribedy

Fluctuations and the rapidity dependence of charged particles spectra in fixed centrality bins in p$A$ collisions

We argue that large fluctuations in the saturation momentum are necessary to explain the ATLAS and ALICE data on pA collisions measured at the LHC. Using a form for the distribution of fluctuations motivated by theoretical studies of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-05-20 Larry McLerran , Michal Praszalowicz

Beam-Energy and System-Size Dependence of Dynamical Net Charge Fluctuations

We present measurements of net charge fluctuations in $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = $ 19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV, $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = $ 62.4, 200 GeV, and $p + p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = $ 200 GeV using…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-03-04 B. I. Abelev , M. M. Aggarwal , Z. Ahammed , B. D. Anderson , D. Arkhipkin , G. S. Averichev , Y. Bai , J. Balewski , O. Barannikova , L. S. Barnby , J. Baudot , S. Baumgart , D. R. Beavis , R. Bellwied , F. Benedosso , R. R. Betts , S. Bhardwaj , A. Bhasin , A. K. Bhati , H. Bichsel , J. Bielcik , J. Bielcikova , B. Biritz , L. C. Bland , M. Bombara , B. E. Bonner , M. Botje , J. Bouchet , E. Braidot , A. V. Brandin , S. Bueltmann , T. P. Burton , M. Bystersky , X. Z. Cai , H. Caines , M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez , J. Callner , O. Catu , D. Cebra , R. Cendejas , M. C. Cervantes , Z. Chajecki , P. Chaloupka , S. Chattopadhyay , H. F. Chen , J. H. Chen , J. Y. Chen , J. Cheng , M. Cherney , A. Chikanian , K. E. Choi , W. Christie , S. U. Chung , R. F. Clarke , M. J. M. Codrington , J. P. Coffin , T. M. Cormier , M. R. Cosentino , J. G. Cramer , H. J. Crawford , D. Das , S. Dash , M. Daugherity , T. G. Dedovich , M. DePhillips , A. A. Derevschikov , R. Derradi de Souza , L. Didenko , P. Djawotho , S. M. Dogra , X. Dong , J. L. Drachenberg , J. E. Draper , F. Du , J. C. Dunlop , M. R. Dutta Mazumdar , W. R. Edwards , L. G. Efimov , E. Elhalhuli , M. Elnimr , V. Emelianov , J. Engelage , G. Eppley , B. Erazmus , M. Estienne , L. Eun , P. Fachini , R. Fatemi , J. Fedorisin , A. Feng , P. Filip , E. Finch , V. Fine , Y. Fisyak , C. A. Gagliardi , L. Gaillard , D. R. Gangadharan , M. S. Ganti , E. Garcia-Solis , V. Ghazikhanian , P. Ghosh , Y. N. Gorbunov , A. Gordon , O. Grebenyuk , D. Grosnick , B. Grube , S. M. Guertin , K. S. F. F. Guimaraes , A. Gupta , N. Gupta , W. Guryn , B. Haag , T. J. Hallman , A. Hamed , J. W. Harris , W. He , M. Heinz , S. Heppelmann , B. Hippolyte , A. Hirsch , A. M. Hoffman , G. W. Hoffmann , D. J. Hofman , R. S. Hollis , H. Z. Huang , T. J. Humanic , G. Igo , A. Iordanova , P. Jacobs , W. W. Jacobs , P. Jakl , F. Jin , P. G. Jones , E. G. Judd , S. Kabana , K. Kajimoto , K. Kang , J. Kapitan , M. Kaplan , D. Keane , A. Kechechyan , D. Kettler , V. Yu. Khodyrev , J. Kiryluk , A. Kisiel , S. R. Klein , A. G. Knospe , A. Kocoloski , D. D. Koetke , M. Kopytine , L. Kotchenda , V. Kouchpil , P. Kravtsov , V. I. Kravtsov , K. Krueger , C. Kuhn , L. Kumar , P. Kurnadi , M. A. C. Lamont , J. M. Landgraf , S. LaPointe , J. Lauret , A. Lebedev , R. Lednicky , C-H. Lee , M. J. LeVine , C. Li , Y. Li , G. Lin , X. Lin , S. J. Lindenbaum , M. A. Lisa , F. Liu , J. Liu , L. Liu , T. Ljubicic , W. J. Llope , R. S. Longacre , W. A. Love , Y. Lu , T. Ludlam , D. Lynn , G. L. Ma , Y. G. Ma , D. P. Mahapatra , R. Majka , L. K. Mangotra , R. Manweiler , S. Margetis , C. Markert , H. S. Matis , Yu. A. Matulenko , T. S. McShane , A. Meschanin , J. Millane , M. L. Miller , N. G. Minaev , S. Mioduszewski , A. Mischke , J. Mitchell , B. Mohanty , D. A. Morozov , M. G. Munhoz , B. K. Nandi , C. Nattrass , T. K. Nayak , J. M. Nelson , C. Nepali , P. K. Netrakanti , M. J. Ng , L. V. Nogach , S. B. Nurushev , G. Odyniec , A. Ogawa , H. Okada , V. Okorokov , D. Olson , M. Pachr , S. K. Pal , Y. Panebratsev , T. Pawlak , T. Peitzmann , V. Perevoztchikov , C. Perkins , W. Peryt , S. C. Phatak , M. Planinic , J. Pluta , N. Poljak , N. Porile , A. M. Poskanzer , B. V. K. S. Potukuchi , D. Prindle , C. Pruneau , N. K. Pruthi , J. Putschke , I. A. Qattan , R. Raniwala , S. Raniwala , R. L. Ray , A. Ridiger , H. G. Ritter , J. B. Roberts , O. V. Rogachevskiy , J. L. Romero , A. Rose , C. Roy , L. Ruan , M. J. Russcher , V. Rykov , R. Sahoo , I. Sakrejda , T. Sakuma , S. Salur , J. Sandweiss , M. Sarsour , J. Schambach , R. P. Scharenberg , N. Schmitz , J. Seger , I. Selyuzhenkov , P. Seyboth , A. Shabetai , E. Shahaliev , M. Shao , M. Sharma , S. S. Shi , X-H. Shi , E. P. Sichtermann , F. Simon , R. N. Singaraju , M. J. Skoby , N. Smirnov , R. Snellings , P. Sorensen , J. Sowinski , H. M. Spinka , B. Srivastava , A. Stadnik , T. D. S. Stanislaus , D. Staszak , M. Strikhanov , B. Stringfellow , A. A. P. Suaide , M. C. Suarez , N. L. Subba , M. Sumbera , X. M. Sun , Y. Sun , Z. Sun , B. Surrow , T. J. M. Symons , A. Szanto de Toledo , J. Takahashi , A. H. Tang , Z. Tang , T. Tarnowsky , D. Thein , J. H. Thomas , J. Tian , A. R. Timmins , S. Timoshenko , M. Tokarev , T. A. Trainor , V. N. Tram , A. L. Trattner , S. Trentalange , R. E. Tribble , O. D. Tsai , J. Ulery , T. Ullrich , D. G. Underwood , G. Van Buren , N. van der Kolk , M. van Leeuwen , A. M. Vander Molen , R. Varma , G. M. S. Vasconcelos , I. M. Vasilevski , A. N. Vasiliev , F. Videbaek , S. E. Vigdor , Y. P. Viyogi , S. Vokal , S. A. Voloshin , M. Wada , W. T. Waggoner , F. Wang , G. Wang , J. S. Wang , Q. Wang , X. Wang , X. L. Wang , Y. Wang , J. C. Webb , G. D. Westfall , C. Whitten , H. Wieman , S. W. Wissink , R. Witt , J. Wu , Y. Wu , N. Xu , Q. H. Xu , Y. Xu , Z. Xu , P. Yepes , I-K. Yoo , Q. Yue , M. Zawisza , H. Zbroszczyk , W. Zhan , H. Zhang , S. Zhang , W. M. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , Y. Zhao , C. Zhong , J. Zhou , R. Zoulkarneev , Y. Zoulkarneeva , J. X. Zuo

Multi moment cancellation of participant fluctuations - MMCP method

We propose a new way to correct for finite centrality bin width effect i.e. participant fluctuations in fluctuation analysis in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. The MMCP method allows to separate participant fluctuations and obtain…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-10-09 Viktor Begun , Maja Mackowiak-Pawlowska

Color fluctuation effects in proton-nucleus collisions

Color fluctuations in hadron-hadron collisions are responsible for the presence of inelastic diffraction and lead to distinctive differences between the Gribov picture of high energy scattering and the low energy Glauber picture. We find…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-05-14 M. Alvioli , M. Strikman

Scaling properties of multiplicity fluctuations in heavy ion collisions simulated by AMPT model

Three-dimensional, as well as one- and two-dimensional, studies of multiplicity fluctuation are performed using AMPT model to generate central Au-Au collision events at ${\sqrt s_{NN}}= 200$ GeV. Two- and three-dimensional normalized…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-01-06 Xie YiLong , Chen Gang , Wang JiangLing , Liu ZhaoHui , Wang MeiJuan

Searching for the QCD Critical Point through Fluctuations at RHIC

Fluctuations and correlations of conserved quantities (baryon number, strangeness, and charge) can be used to probe phases of strongly interacting QCD matter and the possible existence of a critical point in the phase diagram. The cumulants…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-08-14 Roli Esha

Measurement of Fifth- and Sixth-Order Fluctuations of (Net-)proton Number in Au+Au Collisions from Phase II of the Beam Energy Scan Program at RHIC

We report high-statistics measurements of fifth- and sixth-order factorial cumulants and cumulant ratios of (net-)proton multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7$--27 GeV, using data from the STAR experiment…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-12-23 The STAR Collaboration

On the energy dependence of $K/\pi$ fluctuations in relativistic heavy ion collisions

In this note we will discuss the energy dependence of particle ratio fluctuations in heavy ion collisions. We study how the inherent multiplicity dependence of ratio fluctuations is reflected in the excitation function of the dynamical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-04-14 Volker Koch , Tim Schuster

Model dependence of the number of participant nucleons and observable consequences in heavy-ion collisions

The centrality determination and the estimated fluctuations of number of participant nucleons $N_{part}$ in Au-Au collisions at 1.23 $A$GeV beam kinetic energy suffers from severe model dependencies. Comparing the Glauber Monte Carlo (MC)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-09-14 Manjunath Omana Kuttan , Jan Steinheimer , Kai Zhou , Marcus Bleicher , Horst Stoecker

Harmonic decomposition of three-particle azimuthal correlations at RHIC

We present measurements of three-particle correlations for various harmonics in Au+Au collisions at energies ranging from $\sqrt{s_{{\rm NN}}}=7.7$ to 200 GeV using the STAR detector. The quantity…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-10-03 STAR Collaboration , L. Adamczyk , J. K. Adkins , G. Agakishiev , M. M. Aggarwal , Z. Ahammed , N. N. Ajitanand , I. Alekseev , D. M. Anderson , R. Aoyama , A. Aparin , D. Arkhipkin , E. C. Aschenauer , M. U. Ashraf , A. Attri , G. S. Averichev , X. Bai , V. Bairathi , A. Behera , R. Bellwied , A. Bhasin , A. K. Bhati , P. Bhattarai , J. Bielcik , J. Bielcikova , L. C. Bland , I. G. Bordyuzhin , J. Bouchet , J. D. Brandenburg , A. V. Brandin , D. Brown , I. Bunzarov , J. Butterworth , H. Caines , M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez , J. M. Campbell , D. Cebra , I. Chakaberia , P. Chaloupka , Z. Chang , N. Chankova-Bunzarova , A. Chatterjee , S. Chattopadhyay , X. Chen , J. H. Chen , X. Chen , J. Cheng , M. Cherney , W. Christie , G. Contin , H. J. Crawford , S. Das , L. C. De Silva , R. R. Debbe , T. G. Dedovich , J. Deng , A. A. Derevschikov , L. Didenko , C. Dilks , X. Dong , J. L. Drachenberg , J. E. Draper , L. E. Dunkelberger , J. C. Dunlop , L. G. Efimov , N. Elsey , J. Engelage , G. Eppley , R. Esha , S. Esumi , O. Evdokimov , J. Ewigleben , O. Eyser , R. Fatemi , S. Fazio , P. Federic , P. Federicova , J. Fedorisin , Z. Feng , P. Filip , E. Finch , Y. Fisyak , C. E. Flores , L. Fulek , C. A. Gagliardi , D. Garand , F. Geurts , A. Gibson , M. Girard , D. Grosnick , D. S. Gunarathne , Y. Guo , A. Gupta , S. Gupta , W. Guryn , A. I. Hamad , A. Hamed , A. Harlenderova , J. W. Harris , L. He , S. Heppelmann , S. Heppelmann , A. Hirsch , G. W. Hoffmann , S. Horvat , T. Huang , B. Huang , X. Huang , H. Z. Huang , T. J. Humanic , P. Huo , G. Igo , W. W. Jacobs , A. Jentsch , J. Jia , K. Jiang , S. Jowzaee , E. G. Judd , S. Kabana , D. Kalinkin , K. Kang , K. Kauder , H. W. Ke , D. Keane , A. Kechechyan , Z. Khan , D. P. Kikoła , I. Kisel , A. Kisiel , L. Kochenda , M. Kocmanek , T. Kollegger , L. K. Kosarzewski , A. F. Kraishan , P. Kravtsov , K. Krueger , N. Kulathunga , L. Kumar , J. Kvapil , J. H. Kwasizur , R. Lacey , J. M. Landgraf , K. D. Landry , J. Lauret , A. Lebedev , R. Lednicky , J. H. Lee , X. Li , C. Li , W. Li , Y. Li , J. Lidrych , T. Lin , M. A. Lisa , H. Liu , P. Liu , Y. Liu , F. Liu , T. Ljubicic , W. J. Llope , M. Lomnitz , R. S. Longacre , S. Luo , X. Luo , G. L. Ma , L. Ma , Y. G. Ma , R. Ma , N. Magdy , R. Majka , D. Mallick , S. Margetis , C. Markert , H. S. Matis , K. Meehan , J. C. Mei , Z. W. Miller , N. G. Minaev , S. Mioduszewski , D. Mishra , S. Mizuno , B. Mohanty , M. M. Mondal , D. A. Morozov , M. K. Mustafa , Md. Nasim , T. K. Nayak , J. M. Nelson , M. Nie , G. Nigmatkulov , T. Niida , L. V. Nogach , T. Nonaka , S. B. Nurushev , G. Odyniec , A. Ogawa , K. Oh , V. A. Okorokov , D. Olvitt , B. S. Page , R. Pak , Y. Pandit , Y. Panebratsev , B. Pawlik , H. Pei , C. Perkins , P. Pile , J. Pluta , K. Poniatowska , J. Porter , M. Posik , A. M. Poskanzer , N. K. Pruthi , M. Przybycien , J. Putschke , H. Qiu , A. Quintero , S. Ramachandran , R. L. Ray , R. Reed , M. J. Rehbein , H. G. Ritter , J. B. Roberts , O. V. Rogachevskiy , J. L. Romero , J. D. Roth , L. Ruan , J. Rusnak , O. Rusnakova , N. R. Sahoo , P. K. Sahu , S. Salur , J. Sandweiss , M. Saur , J. Schambach , A. M. Schmah , W. B. Schmidke , N. Schmitz , B. R. Schweid , J. Seger , M. Sergeeva , P. Seyboth , N. Shah , E. Shahaliev , P. V. Shanmuganathan , M. Shao , A. Sharma , M. K. Sharma , W. Q. Shen , Z. Shi , S. S. Shi , Q. Y. Shou , E. P. Sichtermann , R. Sikora , M. Simko , S. Singha , M. J. Skoby , N. Smirnov , D. Smirnov , W. Solyst , L. Song , P. Sorensen , H. M. Spinka , B. Srivastava , T. D. S. Stanislaus , M. Strikhanov , B. Stringfellow , T. Sugiura , M. Sumbera , B. Summa , Y. Sun , X. M. Sun , X. Sun , B. Surrow , D. N. Svirida , A. H. Tang , Z. Tang , A. Taranenko , T. Tarnowsky , A. Tawfik , J. Thäder , J. H. Thomas , A. R. Timmins , D. Tlusty , T. Todoroki , M. Tokarev , S. Trentalange , R. E. Tribble , P. Tribedy , S. K. Tripathy , B. A. Trzeciak , O. D. Tsai , T. Ullrich , D. G. Underwood , I. Upsal , G. Van Buren , G. van Nieuwenhuizen , A. N. Vasiliev , F. Videbæk , S. Vokal , S. A. Voloshin , A. Vossen , G. Wang , Y. Wang , F. Wang , Y. Wang , J. C. Webb , G. Webb , L. Wen , G. D. Westfall , H. Wieman , S. W. Wissink , R. Witt , Y. Wu , Z. G. Xiao , W. Xie , G. Xie , J. Xu , N. Xu , Q. H. Xu , Y. F. Xu , Z. Xu , Y. Yang , Q. Yang , C. Yang , S. Yang , Z. Ye , Z. Ye , L. Yi , K. Yip , I. -K. Yoo , N. Yu , H. Zbroszczyk , W. Zha , Z. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , J. B. Zhang , S. Zhang , J. Zhang , Y. Zhang , J. Zhang , S. Zhang , J. Zhao , C. Zhong , L. Zhou , C. Zhou , X. Zhu , Z. Zhu , M. Zyzak

Jet quenching and event-wise mean-pt fluctuations in Au-Au collisions at sqrt-sNN = 200 GeV in Hijing-1.37

Based on Hijing-1.37 simulations, event-wise mean-pt fluctuations in Au-Au collisions at sqrt-sNN = 200 GeV are studied with graphical and numerical methods. This study shows that jets/minijets could represent a substantial source of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 Qingjun Liu , Thomas A. Trainor

Impact of the initial size of spatial fluctuations on the collective flow in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV

The Parton-Hadron-String-Dynamics (PHSD) transport model is used to study the influence of the initial size of spatial fluctuations of the interacting system on flow observables in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV for…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-03-29 V. P. Konchakovski , W. Cassing , V. D. Toneev

Event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions in ALICE

Fluctuations of various observables in heavy-ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies have been extensively studied as they provide important signals regarding the formation of a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Because of the large number of…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2016-03-23 Maitreyee Mukherjee

Charged-particle multiplicity fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV

Measurements of event-by-event fluctuations of charged-particle multiplicities in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV using the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are presented in the pseudorapidity range…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2022-04-08 ALICE Collaboration

Initial fluctuation effect on harmonic flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions

Within the framework of a multi-phase transport model, harmonic flows $v_n$ (n = 2, 3 and 4) are investigated for Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV and Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV. The event-by-event…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-04-29 L. X. Han , G. L. Ma , Y. G. Ma , X. Z. Cai , J. H. Chen , S. Zhang , C. Zhong