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The present article provides an overview of the recent progress in the direct force measurements between individual pairs of colloidal particles in aqueous salt solutions. Results obtained by two different techniques are being highlighted,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-06-02 Gregor Trefalt , Thomas Palberg , Michal Borkovec

In this work we discuss the use of scaled charges when developing force fields for NaCl in water. We shall develop force fields for Na$^+$ and Cl$^-$ using the following values for the scaled charge (in electron units) : 0.75, 0.80, 0.85,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-12-30 S. Blazquez , M. M. Conde , C. Vega

Molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous NaCl, KCl, NaI, and KI solutions are used to study the effects of salts on the properties of the liquid/vapor interface. The simulations use the models which include both charge transfer and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-03-24 J. D. Smith , S. W. Rick

Choice of appropriate force field is one of the main concerns of any atomistic simulation that needs to be seriously considered in order to yield reliable results. Since, investigations on mechanical behavior of materials at micro/nanoscale…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-07-12 Seyed Moein Rassoulinejad-Mousavi , Yijin Mao , Yuwen Zhang

Polarizable force fields are gradually becoming a common choice for ionic soft matter, in particular for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The CL&Pol force field introduced in 2019…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-09-30 Rafael Maglia de Souza , Mikko Karttunen , Mauro Carlos Costa Ribeiro

The extent of ion pairing in solution is an important phenomenon to rationalise transport and thermodynamic properties of electrolytes. A fundamental measure of this pairing is the potential of mean force (PMF) between solvated ions. The…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-04-11 Niamh O'Neill , Benjamin X. Shi , Kara Fong , Angelos Michaelides , Christoph Schran

Inferring properties of macroscopic solutions from molecular simulations is complicated by the limited size of systems that can be feasibly examined with a computer. When long-ranged electrostatic interactions are involved, the resulting…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-08-14 Stephen J. Cox , Phillip L. Geissler

Recent experimental results by the Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) have identified a dramatic deviation from previously established theories of simple electrolytes. This deviation, referred to as anomalous underscreening, suggests that the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-08-05 David Ribar , Clifford E. Woodward , Jan Forsman

Hybrid traps for the simultaneous confinement of neutrals and ions have recently emerged as versatile tools for studying interactions between these species at very low temperatures. Such traps rely on the combination of different types of…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-12-23 Richard Karl , Yanning Yin , Stefan Willitsch

Acid ionization in aprotic media is studied using Molecular Dynamics techniques. In particular, models for HCl ionization in acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide are investigated. The proton is treated quantum mechanically using Feynman path…

chem-ph · Physics 2009-10-28 Daniel Laria , Raymond Kapral , Dario Estrin , Giovanni Ciccotti

The ionic selectivity of nanopores is crucial for the energy conversion based on nanoporous membranes. It can be significantly affected by various parameters of nanopores and the applied fields driving ions through porous membranes. Here,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-10-29 Chao Zhang , Mengnan Guo , Hongwen Zhang , Xiuhua Ren , Yinghao Gao , Yinghua Qiu

Recently reported colloidal aggregation data obtained for different monovalent salts (NaCl, NaNO$_3$, and NaSCN) and at high electrolyte concentrations are matched with the stochastic solutions of the master equation to obtain bond average…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-12-30 Gerardo Odriozola

Ionic liquids (ILs) constitute one of the most active fields of research nowadays. Many organic and inorganic molecules can be converted into ions via relatively simple procedures. These ions can be combined into ILs. Amino acid based ILs…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-01-09 Eudes Eterno Fileti , Vitaly V. Chaban

A recent Monte Carlo simulation determined the potential of mean force between two lysozyme molecules in various aqueous solutions [M. Lund et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 258105 (2008)]. The study involved a combination of explicit solvent…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Steven Lettieri , Xiaofei Li , J. D. Gunton

Hypothesis A prototypical modelling approach is required for a full characterisation of the static and equilibrium dynamical properties of confined ionic liquids (ILs), in order to gain predictive power of properties that are difficult to…

The intricate role of shear viscosity and ion-pair relaxations on ionic conductivity mechanisms and the underlying changes induced by salt concentration ($c$) in organic liquid electrolytes remain poorly understood despite their widespread…

Understanding concentrated electrolytes requires a theory that spans local hydration and mesoscale interfacial assembly. We present an integrated workflow-SCOPE-that combines (i) enhanced sampling focused on a single Li+ ion, (ii)…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-01-27 Xiaoxu Ruan , Fabrice Roncoroni , David Prendergast , Tod A Pascal

We investigated isolated sodium/chloride aqueous droplets at the microscopic level, which comprise from about 5k to 1M water molecules and whose salt concentrations are 0.2$m$ (brackish water) and 0.6$m$ (sea water), by means of molecular…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-06-02 Valérie Vallet , Jonathan Coles , Florent Réal , Céline Houriez , Michel Masella

We study unbinding of multivalent cationic ligands from oppositely charged polymeric binding sites sparsely grafted on a flat neutral substrate. Our molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are suggested by single-molecule studies of protein-DNA…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-02-21 Aykut Erbas , Monica Olvera de la Cruz , John F. Marko

Within the quasichemical approach, the hydration free energy of an ion is decomposed into a chemical term accounting for ion specific ion-water interactions within the coordination sphere and nonspecific contributions accounting for packing…

Biological Physics · Physics 2011-06-03 Safir Merchant , D. Asthagiri