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The increasing precision of planetary mass and radius observations is bringing major questions about the structure and formation of planets--such as the nature of the radius valley and origin of super-Mercuries--within reach, demanding the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-29 Bennett Neil Skinner , Ralph E. Pudritz , Ryan Cloutier

The present study takes the CoRoT-7b exoplanet as an analogue for massive terrestrial planets to investigate conditions, under which intrinsic magnetic fields could be sustained in liquid cores. We examine the effect of depth-dependent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 F. W. Wagner , F. Sohl , T. Rückriemen , H. Rauer

Recent ground- and space-based surveys have shown that planets between Earth and Neptune in size, known as "super-Earths," are among the most frequently found planets in the Galaxy. Although the JWST era has provided high-quality…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-20 Chandan K. Sahu , Liton Majumdar , Sudipta Mridha , Harshit Krishna

In the last few years astronomical surveys have expanded the reach of planetary science into the realm of small and dense extrasolar worlds. These share a number of characteristics with the terrestrial and icy planetary objects of the Solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-20 Tim Lichtenberg , Yamila Miguel

We present the first evolving interior structure model for sub-Neptunes that accounts for the miscibility between silicate magma and hydrogen. Silicate and hydrogen are miscible above $\sim 4000$K at pressures relevant to sub-Neptune…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-03 James G. Rogers , Edward D. Young , Hilke E. Schlichting

Interior models of Jupiter and Saturn are calculated and compared in the framework of the three-layer assumption, which rely on the perception that both planets consist of three globally homogeneous regions: a dense core, a metallic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Tristan Guillot

The hundreds of exoplanets that have been discovered in the past two decades offer a new perspective on planetary structure. Instead of being the archetypal examples of planets, those of our Solar System are merely possible outcomes of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 David S. Spiegel , Jonathan J. Fortney , Christophe Sotin

Exoplanet interior modelling usually makes the assumption that the elemental abundances of a planet are identical to those of its host star. Host stellar abundances are good proxies of planetary abundances, but only for refractory elements.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-04 Haiyang S. Wang , Fan Liu , Trevor R. Ireland , Ramon Brasser , David Yong , Charles H. Lineweaver

Here it is shown how to find the interior structure of a variety of rock-and-iron planetary bodies by using the rock density and some aspects of the core density as known for the Earth and using a convection principle for the iron-rich…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-26 A. Aitta

We investigate the stability of super Earth atmospheres around M stars using a 7-parameter, analytical framework. We construct stability diagrams in the parameter space of exoplanetary radius versus semi-major axis and elucidate the regions…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Kevin Heng , Pushkar Kopparla

Multi-wavelength transit and secondary-eclipse light-curve observations are some of the most powerful techniques to probe the thermo-chemical properties of exoplanets. Although the large planet-to-star brightness contrast and few available…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-06 Patricio E. Cubillos

'Empirical' models (pressure vs. density) of Uranus and Neptune interiors constrained by the gravitational coefficients J_2, J_4, the planetary radii and masses, and Voyager solid-body rotation periods are presented. The empirical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Ravit Helled , John D. Anderson , Morris Podolak , Gerald Schubert

Understanding exoplanet interiors is crucial for interpreting atmospheric observations and constraining their evolution and formation. However, due to limited observational constraints, interiors structures remain poorly understood. In this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-22 Esther van Dijk , Yamila Miguel

The super-Neptune exoplanet WASP-107b is an exciting target for atmosphere characterization. It has an unusually large atmospheric scale height and a small, bright host star, raising the possibility of precise constraints on its current…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-16 Laura Kreidberg , Michael R. Line , Daniel Thorngren , Caroline V. Morley , Kevin B. Stevenson

Neptune-size exoplanets are less studied as characterizing their atmospheres presents challenges due to their relatively small radius and atmospheric scale height. As the most common outcome of planet formation, these planets are crucial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-04 Dwaipayan Dubey , Liton Majumdar , Charles Beichman , Geoffrey A. Blake , Gautam Vasisht , Thomas Henning

Understanding the internal structures of planets with a large H$_2$O component is important for the characterisation of sub-Neptune planets. The finding that the mini-Neptune K2-18b could host a liquid water ocean beneath a mostly hydrogen…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-07 Matthew C. Nixon , Nikku Madhusudhan

The atmospheres of sub-Neptunes are expected to exhibit considerable chemical diversity, beyond what is anticipated for gas-giant exoplanets. In the current study, we construct self-consistent radiative transfer and equilibrium chemistry…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-30 A. Guzmán-Mesa , D. Kitzmann , C. Mordasini , K. Heng

In order to characterize giant exoplanets and better understand their origin, knowledge of how the planet's composition depends on its mass and stellar environment is required. In this work, we simulate the thermal evolution of gaseous…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-18 Simon Müller , Maya Ben-Yami , Ravit Helled

Most our knowledge about rocky exoplanets is based on their measure of mass and radius. These two parameters are routinely measured and are used to categorise different populations of observed exoplanets. They are also tightly linked to the…

We analyze the interiors of HD~219134~b and c, which are among the coolest super Earths detected thus far. Without using spectroscopic measurements, we aim at constraining if the possible atmospheres are hydrogen-rich or hydrogen-poor. In a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-07 Caroline Dorn , Kevin Heng