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The Gas Pixel Detector, recently developed and continuously improved by Pisa INFN in collaboration with IASF-Roma of INAF, can visualize the tracks produced within a low Z gas by photoelectrons of few keV. By reconstructing the impact point…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 F. Muleri , R. Bellazzini , A. Brez , E. Costa , F. Lazzarotto , M. Minuti , M. Pinchera , A. Rubini , P. Soffitta , G. Spandre

The Gas Pixel Detector (GPD) is a new generation device which, thanks to its 50 um pixels, is capable of imaging the photoelectrons tracks produced by photoelectric absorption in a gas. Since the direction of emission of the photoelectrons…

The Gas Pixel Detector was designed and built as a focal plane instrument for X-ray polarimetry of celestial sources, the last unexplored subtopics of X-ray astronomy. It promises to perform detailed and sensitive measurements resolving…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Paolo Soffitta , Fabio Muleri , Sergio Fabiani , Enrico Costa , Ronaldo Bellazzini , Alessandro Brez , Massimo Minuti , Michele Pinchera , Gloria Spandre

X-rays are particularly suited to probe the physics of extreme objects. However, despite the enormous improvements of X-ray Astronomy in imaging, spectroscopy and timing, polarimetry remains largely unexplored. We propose the photoelectric…

The Gas Pixel Detector is an X-ray polarimeter to fly on-board IXPE and other missions. To correctly measure the source polarization, the response of IXPE's GPDs to unpolarized radiation has to be calibrated and corrected. In this paper we…

X-ray polarimetry, based on Gas Pixel Detectors (GPDs), have reached a high level of maturity with the Imaging X-ray Polarimeter Explorer (IXPE) leading to the first ever spatially resolved polarimetric measures. However, being this a new…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-05 N. Bucciantini , N. Di Lalla , R. W. R. Romani , S. Silvestri , M. Negro , L. Baldini , A. F. Tennant , A. Manfreda

The polarisation of x-ray photons can be determined by measuring the direction of emission of a K-shell photoelectron. Effective exploitation of this effect below 10 keV would allow development of a highly sensitive x-ray polarimeter…

The gas pixel detector (GPD) dedicated for photoelectric X-ray polarimetry is selected as the focal plane detector for the ESA medium-class mission concept X-ray Imaging and Polarimetry Explorer (XIPE). Here we show the design, assembly,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-09 H. Li , H. Feng , F. Muleri , R. Bellazzini , M. Minuti , P. Soffitta , A. Brez , G. Spandre , M. Pinchera , C. Sgro , L. Baldini , R. She , E. Costa

The Sun is the nearest astrophysical source with a very intense emission in the X-ray band. The study of energetic events, such as solar flares, can help us to understand the behaviour of the magnetic field of our star. There are in the…

The NASA/ASI Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, which will be launched in 2021, will be the first instrument to perform spatially resolved X-ray polarimetry on several astronomical sources in the 2-8 keV energy band. These measurements are…

X-ray polarimetry of solar flares is still a not well established field of observation of our star. Past polarimeters were not able to measure with a high significance the polarization in X-rays from solar flares. Moreover, they had no…

We report on the results of a new, sealed, Gas Pixel Detector. The very compact design and the absence of the gas flow system, make this detector substantially ready for use as focal plane detector for future X-ray space telescopes. The…

IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer) is a NASA Small Explorer mission -- in partnership with the Italian Space Agency (ASI) -- dedicated to X-ray polarimetry in the 2--8 keV energy band. The IXPE telescope comprises three grazing…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-26 Alessandro Di Marco , Sergio Fabiani , Fabio La Monaca , Fabio Muleri , John Rankin , Paolo Soffitta , Fei Xie , Fabrizio Amici , Primo attinà , Matteo Bachetti , Luca Baldini , Mattia Barbanera , Wayne Baumgartner , Ronaldo Bellazzini , Fabio Borotto , Alessandro Brez , Daniele Brienza , Ciro Caporale , Claudia Cardelli , Rita Carpentiero , Simone Castellano , Marco Castronuovo , Luca Cavalli , Elisabetta Cavazzuti , Marco Ceccanti , Mauro Centrone , Saverio Citraro , Enrico Costa , Elisa D'Alba , Fabio D'Amico , Ettore Del Monte , Sergio Di Cosimo , Niccolò Di Lalla , Giuseppe Di Persio , Immacolata Donnarumma , Yuri Evangelista , Riccardo Ferrazzoli , Luca Latronico , Carlo Lefevre , Pasqualino Loffredo , Paolo Lorenzi , Leonardo Lucchesi , Carlo Magazzù , Guido Magazzù , Simone Maldera , Alberto Manfreda , Elio Mangraviti , Marco Marengo , Giorgio Matt , Paolo Mereu , Massimo Minuti , Alfredo Morbidini , Federico Mosti , Hikmat Nasimi , Barbara Negri , Alessio Nuti , Stephen L. O'Dell , Leonardo Orsini , Matteo Perri , Melissa Pesce-Rollins , Raffaele Piazzolla , Stefano Pieraccini , Maura Pilia , Michele Pinchera , Alessandro Profeti , Simonetta Puccetti , Brian D. Ramsey , Ajay Ratheesh , Alda Rubini , Francesco Santoli , Paolo Sarra , Emanuele Scalise , Andrea Sciortino , Carmelo Sgrò , Gloria Spandre , Marcello Tardiola , Allyn F. Tennant , Antonino Tobia , Alessio Trois , Marco Vimercati , Martin C. Weisskopf , Davide Zanetti , Francesco Zanetti

Synchrotron radiation facilities provide highly polarized X-ray beams across a wide energy range. However, the exact type and degree of polarization varies according to the beamline and experimental setup. To accurately determine the angle…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-05-31 L. Manzanillas , J. M. Ablett , M. Choukroun , F. J. Iguaz , J. P. Rueff

Gaseous X-ray polarimetry refers to a class of detectors used for measuring the polarization of soft X-rays. The systematic effects of such detectors introduce residual modulation, leading to systematic biases in the polarization detection…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-22 Difan Yi , Qian Liu , Hongbang Liu , Fei Xie , Huanbo Feng , Zuke Feng , Jin Li , Enwei Liang , Yangheng Zheng

The Gas Pixel Detector is a gas detector, sensitive to the polarization of X-rays, currently flying on-board IXPE - the first observatory dedicated to X-ray polarimetry. It detects X-rays and their polarization by imaging the ionization…

We review the state of the art for measuring the X-ray polarization of neutron stars. We discuss how valuable precision measurements of the degree and position angle of polarization as a function of energy and, where relevant, of pulse…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. C. Weisskopf , R. F. Elsner , D. Hanna , V. M. Kaspi , S. L. O'Dell , G. G. Pavlov , B. D. Ramsey

We consider a method for obtaining information on polarization of astronomical objects radiation at diffraction limited resolution - differential speckle polarimetry. As an observable we propose to use averaged cross spectrum of two…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Boris Safonov

The ability to resolve the polarization of light with on-chip devices represents an urgent problem in optoelectronics. The detectors with polarization resolution demonstrated so far mostly require multiple oriented detectors or movable…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-05-19 Valentin Semkin , Dmitry Mylnikov , Elena Titova , Sergey Zhukov , Dmitry Svintsov

We discuss a new class of Micro Pattern Gas Detectors, the Gas Pixel Detector (GPD), in which a complete integration between the gas amplification structure and the read-out electronics has been reached. An Application-Specific Integrated…

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