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Related papers: Random Numbers Certified by Bell's Theorem

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Verifying the quality of a random number generator involves performing computationally intensive statistical tests on large data sets commonly in the range of gigabytes. Limitations on computing power can restrict an end-user's ability to…

The security of any cryptographic scheme relies on access to random number generators. Device-independently certified random number generators provide maximum security as one can discard the presence of an intruder by considering only the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-13 Shubhayan Sarkar

Quantum systems are the ultimate touchstone for the production of random sequences of numbers. Spatially spread entangled systems allow the generation of identical random sequences in remote locations. The impossibility of observing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Marcelo G. Kovalsky , Alejandro A. Hnilo , Mónica B. Agüero

Quantum technologies offer significant advancements in information processing and communication, notably in the domain of random number generation (RNG). The use of Bell inequalities enables users to certify the randomness of outputs…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Robert Okuła , Piotr Mironowicz

In this paper we propose a quantum random number generator (QRNG) which utilizes an entangled photon pair in a Bell singlet state, and is certified explicitly by value indefiniteness. While "true randomness" is a mathematical impossibility,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-01 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Karl Svozil

Quantum technologies provide many applications for information processing tasks that are impossible to realize within classical physics. These capabilities include such fundamental resources as generating secure, i.e. private and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-05 Amelie Piveteau , Alban Seguinard , Piotr Mironowicz , Mohamed Bourennane

Pseudo-random number generators are widely used in many branches of science, mainly in applications related to Monte Carlo methods, although they are deterministic in design and, therefore, unsuitable for tackling fundamental problems in…

Certifying maximal quantum randomness without assumptions about system dimension remains a pivotal challenge for secure communication and foundational studies. Here, we introduce a generalized framework to directly certify maximal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Tianqi Zheng , Yi Li , Yu Xiang , Qiongyi He

The non-local correlations exhibited when measuring entangled particles can be used to certify the presence of genuine randomness in Bell experiments. While non-locality is necessary for randomness certification, it is unclear when and why…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-18 Chirag Dhara , Giuseppe Prettico , Antonio Acin

Randomness is a very important resource for cryptography, algorithms, and scientific simulations. Since all classical processes are considered to be intrinsically deterministic, we must build quantum random number generators which utilize…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-08 Xing Chen , Minsik Kwon , Vadim Vorobyov , Jörg Wrachtrup , Ilja Gerhardt

Quantum entanglement represents an ideal resource to guarantee the security of random numbers employed in many scientific and cryptographic applications. However, entanglement-based certified random number generators are particularly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-07 Nicolò Leone , Stefano Azzini , Sonia Mazzucchi , Valter Moretti , Lorenzo Pavesi

Randomness, mainly in the form of random numbers, is the fundamental prerequisite for the security of many cryptographic tasks. Quantum randomness can be extracted even if adversaries are fully aware of the protocol and even control the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-24 Wen-Bo Liu , Yu-Shuo Lu , Yao Fu , Si-Cheng Huang , Ze-Jie Yin , Kun Jiang , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Successful realization of Bell tests has settled an 80-year-long debate, proving the existence of correlations which cannot be explained by a local realistic model. Recent experimental progress allowed to rule out any possible loopholes in…

The field of device-independent quantum cryptography has seen enormous success in the past several years, including security proofs for key distribution and random number generation that account for arbitrary imperfections in the devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-11 Carl A. Miller

Random numbers are indispensable for a variety of applications ranging from testing physics foundation to information encryption. In particular, nonlocality tests provide a strong evidence to our current understanding of nature -- quantum…

The generation of random numbers is a task of paramount importance in modern science. A central problem for both classical and quantum randomness generation is to estimate the entropy of the data generated by a given device. Here we present…

With the growing availability of experimental loophole-free Bell tests, it has become possible to implement a new class of device-independent random number generators whose output can be certified to be uniformly random without requiring a…

Correlations that cannot be reproduced with local variables certify the generation of private randomness. Usually, the violation of a Bell inequality is used to quantify the amount of randomness produced. Here, we show how private…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-16 Jean-Daniel Bancal , Lana Sheridan , Valerio Scarani

Brakerski et. al [BCM+18] introduced the model of cryptographic testing of a single untrusted quantum device and gave a protocol for certifiable randomness generation. We use the leakage resilience properties of the Learning With Errors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-26 Urmila Mahadev , Umesh Vazirani , Thomas Vidick

Bell nonlocality refers to correlations between two distant, entangled particles that challenge classical notions of local causality. Beyond its foundational significance, nonlocality is crucial for device-independent technologies like…