Related papers: Hamlet and Pfister forms (A tragedy in four acts)
One can hardly believe that there is still something to be said about cubic equations. To dodge this doubt, we will instead try and say something about Sylvester. He doubtless found a way of solving cubic equations. As mentioned by Rota, it…
The three and five-dimensional convex sets of two-level complex and quaternionic quantum systems are studied in the Bayesian thermostatistical framework introduced by Lavenda. Associated with a given parameterization of each such set is a…
Hom-Lie algebras defined on central extensions of a given quadratic Lie algebra that in turn admit an invariant metric, are studied. It is shown how some of these algebras are naturally equipped with other symmetric, bilinear forms that…
We are concerned with the Steiner chains consisting of four circles. More precisely, we deal with the so-called complex moments of Steiner 4-chains introduced in a recent paper by J.Lagarias, C.Mallows and A.Wilks. We compute the invariant…
In the present work, we investigate real numbers whose sequence of partial quotients enjoys some combinatorial properties involving the notion of palindrome. We provide three new transendence criteria, that apply to a broad class of…
We construct the quaternion algebra [10] "geometrically" by a three dimensional analogue of the classic two dimensional geometric description of the complex field. The algebraic description of the multiplication operation in three…
We show that any sum of squares in a field of transcendence degree $1$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ is a sum of $5$ squares, answering a question of Pop and Pfister. We deduce this result from a representation theorem, in $k(C)$, for quadratic forms…
The theory of $F$-manifolds, and more generally, manifolds endowed with commutative and associative multiplication of their tangent fields, was discovered and formalised in various models of quantum field theory involving algebraic and…
In 1853 J. Sylvester introduced a family of double sum expressions for two finite sets of indeterminates and showed that some members of the family are essentially the polynomial subresultants of the monic polynomials associated with these…
The theory of differential forms began with a discovery of Poincare who found conservation laws of a new type for Hamiltonian systems - The Integral Invariants. Even in the absence of non-trivial integrals of motion, there exist invariant…
The type III Hermite $X_m$ exceptional orthogonal polynomial family is generalized to a double-indexed one $X_{m_1,m_2}$ (with $m_1$ even and $m_2$ odd such that $m_2 > m_1$) and the corresponding rational extensions of the harmonic…
This note describes a conjecture involving cyclotomic polynomials and some initial thoughts towards a solution. Given positive integers $m,n$, the conjecture is that either $\Phi_m(q)\leqslant\Phi_n(q)$ or $\Phi_m(q)\geqslant\Phi_n(q)$…
The symmetrized quartic polynomial oscillator is shown to admit an sl(2,$\R$) algebraization. Some simple quasi-exactly solvable (QES) solutions are exhibited. A new symmetrized sextic polynomial oscillator is introduced and proved to be…
Using the Riemann-Hilbert approach, the $\Psi$-function corresponding to the solution of the first Painleve equation, $y_{xx}=6y^2+x$, with the asymptotic behavior $y\sim\pm\sqrt{-x/6}$ as $|x|\to\infty$ is constructed. The exponentially…
Stanley considered suitably normalized characters of the symmetric groups on Young diagrams having a special geometric form, namely multirectangular Young diagrams. He proved that the character is a polynomial in the lengths of the sides of…
Let $\varphi$ and $\psi$ be quadratic forms over a field $K$ of characteristic different from 2. In this paper, we give a criterion for isotropy of $\varphi$ over the function field of $\psi$ in terms of representations and we apply it to…
The p-adic formulation of replica symmetry breaking is presented. In this approach ultrametricity is a natural consequence of the basic properties of the p-adic numbers. Many properties can be simply derived in this approach and p-adic…
We consider a classial case of irrational integrals containing a square root of a quadratic polynomial. It is well known that they can be expressed in terms of elementary functions by one of three Euler's substitutions. It is less known…
A study of certain Hamiltonian systems has lead Y. Long to conjecture the existence of infinitely many primes of the form $p=2[\alpha n]+1$, where $1<\alpha<2$ is a fixed irrational number. An argument of P. Ribenboim coupled with classical…
In this paper we introduce a class of mathematical objects called \emph{extensors} and develop some aspects of their theory with considerable detail. We give special names to several particular but important cases of extensors. The…