Related papers: Physical charges in QED and QCD
We re-examine physical state representations in the covariant quantization of bosonic string. We especially consider one parameter family of gauge fixing conditions for the residual gauge symmetry due to null states (or BRST exact states),…
Gauge theories with finite gauge groups have applications to quantum simulation and quantum gravity. Recently, the exact number of gauge-invariant states was computed for pure gauge theories on arbitrary lattices. In this work, we…
The article aims to analyze a construction of charges (conserved quantities) for the gravity field in the (3+1) decomposition. The construction is based on (3+1) splitting of conformal Yano--Killing (CYK) two-form. The splitting leads to…
As the dimensionality is reduced, the world becomes more and more interesting; novel and fascinating phenomena show up which call for understanding. Physics in one dimension is a fascinating topic for theory and experiment: for the former…
In the framework of augmented superfield approach, we provide the geometrical origin and interpretation for the nilpotent (anti-)BRST charges, (anti-)co-BRST charges and a non-nilpotent bosonic charge. Together, these local and conserved…
We give a general formula for gauge states at the discrete momenta in Liouville theory. These discrete gauge states carry the $w_\infty$ charges. As in the case of the 26D (or 10D) string theory, they are decoupled from the correlation…
In a discrete form of the second quantization, the gauge independencies of all the physical states including vacuum in QED are restudied through a new approach. We also discuss an interesting phenomenon attributed to vacuum effect and come…
Efficient methods for describing non abelian charges in worldline approaches to QFT are useful to simplify calculations and address structural properties, as for example color/kinematics relations. Here we analyze in detail a method for…
Alice electrodynamics (AED) is a theory of electrodynamics in which charge conjugation is a local gauge symmetry. In this paper we investigate a charge instability in alice electrodynamics in (2+1)-dimensions due to this local charge…
We systematically include central charges into supersymmetric quantum mechanics formulated on curved Euclidean spaces, and explain how the background geometry manifests itself on states of the theory. In particular, we show in detail how,…
Recently, J. Harada proposed a theory relating gravity to the Cotton tensor, dubbed as ''Cotton gravity'' (CG). This is an extension of General Relativity such that every solution of the latter turns out to be a solution of the former (but…
We apply a simple mean field like variational calculation to compact QED in 2+1 dimensions. Our variational ansatz explicitly preserves compact gauge invariance of the theory. We reproduce in this framework all the known results, including…
A new approach to the analysis of the physical state space of a theory is presented within the general setting of local quantum physics. It also covers theories with long range forces, such as Quantum Electrodynamics. Making use of the…
We study the distribution of point charges in a straight conductive needle and the electric field created by them. Starting from the bead model with $n$ point charges on the needle, we show the existence and uniqueness of an equilibrium…
Applying the unitary clothing transformation method in the model of charged spinless nucleons and neutral mesons interacting via the three-linear Yukawa-type coupling, the expression for the charge shift in the third order in the coupling…
Massive higher spin fields on de Sitter space exhibit enhanced gauge symmetries at special values of the mass. These fields are known as "partially massless." We study the structure of the charges and Gauss laws which characterize sources…
Charged particles in an Abelian Coulomb phase are non-local infraparticles that are surrounded by a cloud of soft photons which extends to infinity. Gauss' law prevents the existence of charged particles in a periodic volume. In a…
Fractons and other subdimensional particles are an exotic class of emergent quasi-particle excitations with severely restricted mobility. A wide class of models featuring these quasi-particles have a natural description in the language of…
The creation of electrically charged states and the resulting electromagnetic fields are considered in space-time regions in which such experiments can actually be carried out, namely in future-directed light cones. Under the simplifying…
We present a numerical study about the confining regime of compact U(1) lattice gauge theory in 4D. To address the problem, we exploit the duality properties of the theory. The main features of this method are presented, and its possible…