Related papers: Rack shadows and their invariants
An important technique to explore a black-box machine learning (ML) model is called SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation). SHAP values decompose predictions into contributions of the features in a fair way. We will show that for a boosted…
Deep neural networks are revolutionizing the way complex systems are developed. However, these automatically-generated networks are opaque to humans, making it difficult to reason about them and guarantee their correctness. Here, we propose…
We extend the single-perturbation approach (developed in our earlier publications for the case of a single map) to the analysis of the shadowing property for semigroups of endomorphisms. Our approach allows to give a constructive…
Invariants withstand transformations and, therefore, represent the essence of objects or phenomena. In mathematics, transformations often constitute a group action. Since the 19th century, studying the structure of various types of…
We determine the Waring rank of the fundamental skew invariant of any complex reflection group whose highest degree is a regular number. This includes all irreducible real reflection groups.
Rank-width is a width parameter of graphs describing whether it is possible to decompose a graph into a tree-like structure by `simple' cuts. This survey aims to summarize known algorithmic and structural results on rank-width of graphs.
For a compact smooth manifold with corners (or finite CW-complex) $X$, we can prescribe a finite set of spin or spin$^h$ manifolds (possibly with boundary) mapping into it so that every real vector bundle over $X$ is determined, up to…
Webs are planar graphs with boundary that describe morphisms in a diagrammatic representation category for $\mathfrak{sl}_k$. They are studied extensively by knot theorists because braiding maps provide a categorical way to express link…
A group invariant for links in thickened closed orientable surfaces is studied. Associated polynomial invariants are defined. The group detects nontriviality of a virtual link and determines its virtual genus.
We explain a correspondence between some invariants in the dynamics of color exchange in a 2d coloring problem, which are polynomials of winding numbers, and linking numbers in 3d. One invariant is visualized as linking of lines on a…
We define counting and cocycle enhancement invariants of virtual knots using parity biquandles. These invariants are determined by pairs consisting of a biquandle 2-cocycle \phi^0 and a map \phi^1 with certain compatibility conditions…
Graph spectra are an important class of structural features on graphs that have shown promising results in enhancing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Despite their widespread practical use, the theoretical understanding of the power of…
In this paper, we present a framework to represent mock 3D objects and scenes, which are not 3D but appear 3D. In our framework, each mock-3D object is represented using 2D non-conservative vector fields and thickness information that are…
It is well known that the category of Gray-categories does not admit a monoidal biclosed structure that models weak higher-dimensional transformations. In this paper, the first of a series on the topic, we describe several skew monoidal…
In this paper, we consider the problem of invariant set computation for black-box switched linear systems using merely a finite set of observations of system trajectories. In particular, this paper focuses on polyhedral invariant sets. We…
We consider the classical problem of a position of n-dimensional manifold M in R^{n+2}. We show that we can define the fundamental (n+1)-cycle and the shadow fundamental (n+2)-cycle for a fundamental quandle of a knotting M to R^{n+2}. In…
We extend the rack algebra Z[X] defined by Andruskiewitsch and Grana to the case of biracks, enabling a notion of birack modules. We use these birack modules to define an enhancement of the birack counting invariant generalizing the birack…
The additive closedness in the subset of an additive group is termed as r-value. The nature of closedness in different subsets of fixed size is observed as a spectrum of r-values. We enumerate r-values of subsets in finite fields of…
In this paper, we discuss the (co)homology theory of biquandles, derived biquandle cocycle invariants for oriented surface-links using broken surface diagrams and how to compute the biquandle cocycle invariants from marked graph diagrams.…
In this study of the Reidemeister moves within the classical knot theory, we focus on hard diagrams of knots and links, categorizing them as either rigid or shaky based on their adaptability to certain moves. We establish that every link…