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In [14], the second named author constructed the bracket invariant [.] of virtual knots valued in pictures (linear combinations of virtual knot diagrams with some crossing information omitted), such that for many diagrams K, the following…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2017-01-24 Denis P. Ilyutko , Vassily O. Manturov

Birack modules are modules over an algebra Z[X] associated to a finite birack X. In previous work, birack module structures on Z mod n were used to enhance the birack counting invariant. In this paper, we use birack modules over Laurent…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2014-06-12 Evan Cody , Sam Nelson

We identify a subcategory of biracks which define counting invariants of unoriented links, which we call involutory biracks. In particular, involutory biracks of birack rank N=1 are biquandles, which we call bikei. We define counting…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-04-25 Sinan Aksoy , Sam Nelson

We study inferring a tree-structured representation from a single image for object shading. Prior work typically uses the parametric or measured representation to model shading, which is neither interpretable nor easily editable. We propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Chen Geng , Hong-Xing Yu , Sharon Zhang , Maneesh Agrawala , Jiajun Wu

We define a fat staircase to be a Ferrers diagram corresponding to a partition of the form $(n^{\alpha_n}, {n-1}^{\alpha_{n-1}},..., 1^{\alpha_1})$, where $\alpha = (\alpha_1,...,\alpha_n)$ is a composition, or the $180^\circ$ rotation of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-09 Matthew Morin

We develop a linear algebraic framework for the shape-from-shading problem, because tensors arise when scalar (e.g. image) and vector (e.g. surface normal) fields are differentiated multiple times. The work is in two parts. In this first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-05-18 Daniel Niels Holtmann-Rice , Benjamin S. Kunsberg , Steven W. Zucker

We establish a new approach to obtain 3-manifold invariants via Dehn surgery. For this, we introduce skew-racks with good involution and Property FR, and define cocycle invariants as 3-manifold invariants. We also define some link…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Takefumi Nosaka

We introduce the notion of a hierarchical quandle, which is a generalisation of diquandles and multi-quandles. Using hierarchical quandle colourings, we construct a cocycle invariants for links coloured by quandles.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Philipp Korablev

Virtual index cocycle is the 1-cochain that counts virtual crossings in the arcs of a virtual link diagram. We show how this cocycle can be used to reformulate and unify some known invariants of virtual links.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-11-03 Igor Nikonov

We define an invariant of tangles and framed tangles given a finite crossed module and a pair of functions, called a Reidemeister pair, satisfying natural properties. We give several examples of Reidemeister pairs derived from racks,…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-01-28 João Faria Martins , Roger Picken

We introduce augmented biracks and define a (co)homology theory associated to augmented biracks. The new homology theory extends the previously studied Yang-Baxter homology with a combinatorial formulation for the boundary map and…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-09-09 Jose Ceniceros , Mohamed Elhamdadi , Matthew Green , Sam Nelson

Given a matrix over a skew field fixing the column (1,...,1)^t, we give formulas for a row vector fixed by this matrix. The same techniques are applied to give noncommutative extensions of probabilistic properties of codes.

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2008-09-01 Sylvain Lavallée , Christophe Reutenauer , Vladimir Retakh , Dominique Perrin

The structural properties of graphs are usually characterized in terms of invariants, which are functions of graphs that do not depend on the labeling of the nodes. In this paper we study convex graph invariants, which are graph invariants…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-09-21 Venkat Chandrasekaran , Pablo A. Parrilo , Alan S. Willsky

We characterize the virtual link invariants that can be described as partition function of a real-valued R-matrix, by being weakly reflection positive. Weak reflection positivity is defined in terms of joining virtual link diagrams, which…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2015-03-09 Guus Regts , Alexander Schrijver , Bart Sevenster

For any Legendrian link in $\displaystyle \mathbb{R}^{3}$ given by the rainbow closure of a positive braid word, we develop an explicit and computable description of a Legendrian isotopy invariant associated with it, namely the…

Symplectic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Ángel Rodríguez--López

For topological dynamical systems defined by continuous self-maps of compact metric spaces, we consider the contractive shadowing property, i.e., the Lipschitz shadowing property such that the Lipschitz constant is less than 1. We prove…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-11-07 Noriaki Kawaguchi

Set representations are the foundation of various set-based approaches in state estimation, reachability analysis and fault diagnosis. In this paper, we investigate spectrahedral shadows, a class of nonlinear geometric objects previously…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-15 Chengrui Wang , Haohao Qiu , Sibo Yao , James Lam

This paper presents a novel method of foreground segmentation that distinguishes moving objects from their moving cast shadows in monocular image sequences. The models of background, edge information, and shadow are set up and adaptively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-01-07 Yang Wang , Tele Tan

Higher-rank graphs are, as the name suggests, higher-dimensional analogues of directed graphs which we will define using category theory. The whole idea of my project was to construct what we call a Baumslag-Solitar graph, a higher-rank…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-06-03 Katie Buchhorn

Shadow art is a captivating form of sculptural expression where the projection of a sculpture in a specific direction reveals a desired shape with high precision. In this work, we introduce Neural Shadow Art, which leverages implicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Caoliwen Wang , Bailin Deng , Juyong Zhang