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This is an expository paper on the theory of gradient flows, and in particular of those PDEs which can be interpreted as gradient flows for the Wasserstein metric on the space of probability measures (a distance induced by optimal…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-09-14 Filippo Santambrogio

We consider a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold satisfying the volume doubling property and a Gaussian upper bound for its heat kernel (on functions). Let -- $\rightarrow$ $\Delta$ k be the Hodge-de Rham Laplacian on differential…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-05-22 Jocelyn Magniez , El Maati Ouhabaz

We introduce the transportation-annihilation distance $W_p^\sharp$ between subprobabilities and derive contraction estimates with respect to this distance for the heat flow with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on an open set in a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-05-05 Angelo Profeta , Karl-Theodor Sturm

In this article we derive both Hamilton type and Souplet-Zhang type gradient estimations for a system of semilinear equations along a geometric flow on a weighted Riemannian manifold.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-08-29 Shyamal Kumar Hui , Shahroud Azami , Sujit Bhattacharyya

In this article we provide Bernstein type gradient estimates for two system of local weighted heat type equations with potentials on a weighted Riemannian manifold. We derive all possible cases considering linear potential, exponential…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Sujit Bhattacharyya

We propose a variational form of the BDF2 method as an alternative to the commonly used minimizing movement scheme for the time-discrete approximation of gradient flows in abstract metric spaces. Assuming uniform semi-convexity --- but no…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2017-12-25 Daniel Matthes , Simon Plazotta

In this paper, we study the global controllability and stabilization problems of the harmonic map heat flow from a circle to a sphere. Combining ideas from control theory, heat flow, differential geometry, and asymptotic analysis, we obtain…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-02-15 Jean-Michel Coron , Shengquan Xiang

A new type of gradient estimate is established for diffusion semigroups on non-compact complete Riemannian manifolds. As applications, a global Harnack inequality with power and a heat kernel estimate are derived for diffusion semigroups on…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-01-31 Marc Arnaudon , Anton Thalmaier , Feng-Yu Wang

We study the Wasserstein gradient flow of the Sinkhorn divergence when both the source and the target are Gaussian distributions. We prove the existence of a flow that stays in the class of Gaussian distributions, and is unique in the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-02-20 Mathis Hardion , Théo Lacombe

In this note we present some gradient estimates for the diffusion equation $\partial_t u=\Delta u-\nabla \phi \cdot \nabla u $ on Riemannian manifolds, where $\phi $ is a C^2 function, which generalize estimates of R. Hamilton's and Qi S.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2008-04-24 Hong Huang

The dynamics of gradient and Hamiltonian flows with particular application to flows on adjoint orbits of a Lie group and the extension of this setting to flows on a loop group are discussed. Different types of gradient flows that arise from…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-08-31 Anthony M. Bloch , Philip J. Morrison , Tudor S. Ratiu

Via a Bismut-Elworthy-Li formula from [KPP23], we derive uniform gradient estimates for transition semigroups associated with stochastic differential equations driven by a large class of cylindrical L\'{e}vy processes which includes the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-09 Thanh Dang , Lingjiong Zhu

The asymptotic behaviour of empirical measures has plenty of studies. However, the research on conditional empirical measures is limited. Being the development of Wang \cite{eW1}, under the quadratic Wasserstein distance, we investigate the…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-29 Huaiqian Li , Bingyao Wu

We perform non-equilibrium simulations to study heat conduction in two-dimensional strongly coupled dusty plasmas. Temperature gradients are established by heating one part of the otherwise equilibrium system to a higher temperature. Heat…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Lu-Jing Hou , Alexander Piel

We establish a point-wise gradient estimate for $all$ positive solutions of the conjugate heat equation. This contrasts to Perelman's point-wise gradient estimate which works mainly for the fundamental solution rather than all solutions.…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Shilong Kuang , Qi S. Zhang

Using the interpretation of the half-Laplacian on $S^1$ as the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator for the Laplace equation on the ball $B$, we devise a classical approach to the heat flow for half-harmonic maps from $S^1$ to a closed target…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-05-22 Michael Struwe

We derive estimates relating the values of a solution at any two points to the distance between the points, for quasilinear parabolic equations on compact Riemannian manifolds under the Ricci flow.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2020-01-07 Min Chen

We establish an equivalence between the rigidity of Wasserstein contraction along heat flows and the rigidity of Bakry--\'Emery gradient estimates for Lipschitz functions. Applying results of Ambrosio--Bru\'e--Semola and Han, we show that…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Zhenhao Li

We consider a semi-linear heat equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions and globally Lipschitz nonlinearity, posed on a bounded domain of R^N (N $\in$ N *), assumed to be an unknown perturbation of a reference domain. We are interested…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-11-08 Pierre Lissy , Yannick Privat , Yacouba Simporé

In this paper we first derive several results concerning the $L^p$ spectrum of arithmetic locally symmetric spaces whose $\Q$-rank equals one. In particular, we show that there is an open subset of $\C$ consisting of eigenvalues of the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-01-01 Lizhen Ji , Andreas Weber