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We study the minimal number of variables required by a totally positive definite diagonal universal quadratic form over a real quadratic field $\mathbb Q(\sqrt D)$ and obtain lower and upper bounds for it in terms of certain sums of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-05 Valentin Blomer , Vítězslav Kala

A position $p$ in a word $w$ is critical if the minimal local period at $p$ is equal to the global period of $w$. According to the Critical Factorisation Theorem all words of length at least two have a critical point. We study the number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-21 Tero Harju

It is shown that two vectors with coordinates in the finite $q$-element field of characteristic $p$ belong to the same orbit under the natural action of the symmetric group if each of the elementary symmetric polynomials of degree…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2022-11-30 Mátyás Domokos , Botond Miklósi

We prove new combinatorial results about polynomial configurations in large subsets of finite fields. Bergelson--Leibman--McCutcheon (2005) showed that for any polynomial $P(x) \in \mathbb{Z}[x]$ with $P(0) = 0$, if $A \subseteq…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-25 Ethan Ackelsberg , Vitaly Bergelson

In this article, we investigate conditional large values of quadratic Dirichlet character sums with multiplicative coefficients. We prove some Omega results under the assumption of the generalized Riemann hypothesis.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Zikang Dong , Yutong Song , Weijia Wang , Hao Zhang , Shengbo Zhao

We characterize all bounded orbits of two similar Collatz-type quadratic mappings of the set of non-negative integers. In one case, where cycles of all possible lengths may occur, an orbit is bounded if and only if it reaches a cycle. For…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-04-17 H. Sedaghat

We provide an index bound for character sums of polynomials over finite fields. This improves the Weil bound for high degree polynomials with small indices, as well as polynomials with large indices that are generated by cyclotomic mappings…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-07-06 Daqing Wan , Qiang Wang

For a set $S$ of quadratic polynomials over a finite field, let $C$ be the (infinite) set of arbitrary compositions of elements in $S$. In this paper we show that there are examples with arbitrarily large $S$ such that every polynomial in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-30 D. R. Heath-Brown , Giacomo Micheli

Suppose $G$ is a simple graph with $n$ vertices, $m$ edges, and rank $r$. Let $\chi_G(t)=a_0t^n-a_1t^{n-1}+\cdots +(-1)^ra_rt^{n-r}$ be the chromatic polynomial of $G$. For $q,k\in \Bbb{Z}$ and $0\le k\le q+r+1$, we obtain a sharp two-side…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-03 Suijie Wang , Yeong-Nan Yeh , Fengwei Zhou

Let $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ be a finite field of characteristic $p$, and let $f \in \mathbb{F}_{q}[x]$ be a polynomial of degree $d > 0$. Denote the image set of this polynomial as $V_{f}=\{f(\alpha)\mid\alpha\in\mathbb{F}_{q}\}$ and denote the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Jiyou Li , Zhiyao Zhang

A well-known result of von zur Gathen asserts that a non-exceptional permutation polynomial of degree $n$ over $\mathbb{F}_{q}$ exists only if $q<n^{4}$. With the help of the Weil bound for the number of $\mathbb{F}_{q}$-points on an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-07 Xiang Fan

In this article, we investigate the conditional large values of quadratic Dirichlet character sums. We prove an Omega result for quadratic character sums under the assumption of the generalized Riemann hypothesis.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Zikang Dong , Yutong Song , Ruihua Wang , Shengbo Zhao

We prove the existence of an effective universal upper bound for the order of any integral periodic orbit of any integral algebraic dynamical system in a fixed ambient space. Using this, we demonstrate the decidability of periodicity in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-09-11 Junho Peter Whang

We study the Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) dimension of the set of quadratic residues (i.e. squares) in finite fields, $\mathbb F_q$, when considered as a subset of the additive group. We conjecture that as $q \to \infty$, the squares have the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-02 Brian McDonald , Anurag Sahay , Emmett L. Wyman

Energy level statistics of quantized chaotic systems have been evaluated in the semiclassical limit via their periodic orbits using the Gutzwiller and related trace formulae. Here we evaluate a spectral statistic of chaotic 4-regular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-25 Jon Harrison , Tori Hudgins

We introduce the quadratic harness condition and show that integrable quadratic harnesses have orthogonal martingale polynomials with a three step recurrence that satisfies a q-commutation relation. This implies that quadratic harnesses are…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-11-27 Wlodzimierz Bryc , Wojciech Matysiak , Jacek Wesolowski

This paper is concerned with the limit cycles for planar semi-quasi-homogeneous polynomial systems. We give some explicit criteria for the nonexistence and existence of periodic orbits. Let $N=N(p,q,m,n)$ be the maximum number of limit…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2011-10-11 Yulin Zhao

We prove some improvements of the classical Weil bound for one variable additive and multiplicative character sums associated to a polynomial over a finite field $k=\Fq$ for two classes of polynomials which are invariant under a large…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-10-04 Antonio Rojas-León

We study recurrence in the real quadratic family and give a sufficient condition on the recurrence rate $(\delta_n)$ of the critical orbit such that, for almost every nonregular parameter $a$, the set of $n$ such that $\vert F^n(0;a) \vert…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-11-15 Mats Bylund

In this article, we investigate conditional large values of quadratic Dirichlet character sums. We prove some Omega results of quadratic character sums under the assumption of the generalized Riemnn hypothesis, which are as sharp as…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Zikang Dong , Yanbin Zhang