Related papers: A thermodynamic force generated by chemical gradie…
Amorphous media at finite temperatures, be them liquids, colloids or glasses, are made of interacting particles that move chaotically due to thermal energy, colliding and scattering continuously off each other. When the average…
Thermophoresis is a transport phenomenon induced by a temperature gradient. Very small objects dispersed in a fluid medium and in a temperature gradient present a non homogeneous steady density. Analysing this phenomenon within the…
Constructing physical models of living cells and tissues is an extremely challenging task because of the high complexities of both intra- and intercellular processes. In addition, the force that a single cell generates vanishes in total due…
Thermoelectric effects, such as the generation of a particle current by a temperature gradient, have their origin in a reversible coupling between heat and particle flows. These effects are fundamental probes for materials and have…
We numerically study a two-dimensional granular gas of rigid disks where an external driving force is applied to each particle in such a way that the system is driven into a steady state by balancing the energy input and the dissipation due…
The entropic force exerted by the Brownian fluctuations of a grafted semiflexible polymer upon a rigid smooth wall are calculated both analytically and by Monte Carlo simulations. Such forces are thought to play an important role for…
In nonequilibrium chemical reaction systems, a fundamental relationship between unbalanced kinetic one-way fluxes and thermodynamic chemical driving forces is believed to exists. However this relation has been rigorously demonstrated only…
Concepts of everyday use like energy, heat, and temperature have acquired a precise meaning after the development of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics provides the basis for understanding how heat and work are related and with the general…
We show theoretically that near a fluid-fluid interface a single active colloidal particle generating, e.g., chemicals or a temperature gradient experiences an effective force of hydrodynamic origin. This force is due to the fluid flow…
We investigate the problem of how to obtain the force field between atoms of an experimentally determined structure. We show how this problem can be efficiently solved, even at finite temperature, where the position of the atoms differs…
Using the chemical potential of a solid in a dissolved state or the corresponding component of the chemical potential tensor at equilibrium with the solution, a new concept of grand thermodynamic potential for solids has been suggested.…
Particle motion at the micro-scale is an incessant tug-of-war between thermal fluctuations and applied forces on one side, and the strong resistance exerted by fluid viscosity on the other. Friction is so strong that completely neglecting…
Here we show that, despite a massive incident flux of energetic species, plasmas can induce transient cooling of a material surface. Using time-resolved optical thermometry in-situ with this plasma excitation, we reveal the novel underlying…
The rapid interaction of highly energetic particle beams with matter induces dynamic responses in the impacted component. If the beam pulse is sufficiently intense, extreme conditions can be reached, such as very high pressures, changes of…
Thermodynamic formulas for investigating systems with density and/or temperature dependent particle masses are generally derived from the fundamental derivation equality of thermodynamics. Various problems in the previous treatments are…
Molecular dynamics simulations are used to model the thermal properties of a fluid containing solid nanoparticles (nanofluid). The flexibility of molecular simulation allows us to consider the effects of particle mass, particle-particle and…
If we assume that the source of thermodynamic system, $\rho$ and $p$, are also the source of gravity, thermal quantities, such as entropy, temperature, and chemical potential, can induce effects of gravity, or gravity can induce thermal…
We demonstrate that the thermal Casimir-Polder forces on molecules near a conducting surface whose transition wavelengths are comparable to the molecule-surface separation are dependent on the ambient temperature and molecular polarization…
The chemical composition of the earths atmosphere far from equilibrium is unique in the solar system and has been attributed to the presence of widespread life. Here I show that this perspective can be quantified using non-equilibrium…
Cell shape is determined by a balance of intrinsic properties of the cell as well as its mechanochemical environment. Inhomogeneous shape changes underly many morphogenetic events and involve spatial gradients in active cellular forces…