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One of the most challenging issues in the characterization of magnetic materials is to obtain quantitative analysis on the nanometer scale. Here we describe how electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) measurements using the transmission…

Electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables element-specific measurement of spin and orbital magnetic moments, analogous to X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). While the EMCD technique…

Understanding the ramifications of reduced crystalline symmetry on magnetic behavior is a critical step in improving our understanding of nanoscale and interfacial magnetism. However, investigations of such effects are often controversial…

Energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) allows for the quantification of magnetic properties of materials at the nanometer scale. It is shown that with the support of simulations that help to identify the optimal conditions for a…

Recently it was demonstrated (Schattschneider et al., Nature 441 (2006), 486), that an analogue of the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) experiment can be performed with the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The new phenomenon…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-09-29 Jan Rusz , Stefano Rubino , Peter Schattschneider

Energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) is a versatile method for studying magnetic properties on the nanoscale. However, the classical EMCD technique is notorious for its low signal to noise ratio (SNR). Here, we study the theoretical…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-03-12 Stefan Löffler , Walid Hetaba

Quantitative electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables the measurement of magnetic moments with elemental and atomic site sensitivity, but its practical application is fundamentally…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-10-29 Hitoshi Makino , Bernd Rellinghaus , Sebastian Schneider , Axel Lubk , Darius Pohl

When aiming for atomic resolution electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) in STEM mode, the high convergence angle of the electron probe can lead to unforeseen artefacts and strong reductions of the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in the…

When magnetic properties are analysed in a TEM using the technique of electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD), one of the critical parameters is the sample orientation, and this, independently on the chosen acquisition geometry. Since…

Materials Science · Physics 2019-12-16 Hasan Ali , Jan Rusz , Tobias Warnatz , Björgvin Hjörvarsson , Klaus Leifer

We describe a new experimental setup for the detection of magnetic circular dichroism with fast electrons (EMCD). As compared to earlier findings the signal is an order of magnitude higher, while the probed area could be significantly…

Electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) is a powerful technique for estimating element-specific magnetic moments of materials on nanoscale with the potential to reach atomic resolution in transmission electron microscopes. However, the…

The calculations presented here reveal that an electron probe carrying orbital angular momentum is just a particular case of a wider class of electron beams that can be used to measure electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) with atomic…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-22 Jan Rusz , Juan-Carlos Idrobo , Somnath Bhowmick

Measuring magnetic moments in ferromagnetic materials with atomic column resolution is theoretically possible using the electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) technique in a (scanning) transmission electron microscope ((S)TEM).…

In this work we derive sum rules for orbital angular momentum(OAM) resolved electron magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) which enable the evaluation of the strength of spin and orbital components of the atomic magnetic moments in a crystalline…

We have analysed a number of experimental geometries (two and three-beam geometry, general systematic row setup, zone axis orientation) for the electron magnetic circular dichroism measurements (EMCD). The effect of asymmetries in those…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-10-21 J. Rusz

We discuss the feasibility of detecting spin polarized electronic transitions with a vortex filter. This approach does not rely on the principal condition of the standard energy loss magnetic chiral dichroism (EMCD) technique, the precise…

Magnetic Circular Dichroism (MCD) is a standard technique for the study of magnetic properties of materials in synchrotron beamlines. We present here a new scattering geometry in the Transmission Electron Microscope through which MCD can be…

The need to acquire multiple angle-resolved electron energy loss spectra (EELS) is one of the several critical challenges associated with electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) experiments. If the experiments are performed by scanning…

We propose a highly efficient atomically-resolved mode of electron magnetic chiral dichroism. This method exploits the recently introduced orbital angular momentum spectrometer to analyze the inelastically scattered electrons allowing for…

Shadow X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Photo-Emission Electron Microscopy (XMCD-PEEM) is a recent technique, in which the photon intensity in the shadow of an object lying on a surface, may be used to gather information about the…

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