Related papers: Parallel pumping of electrons
Two quantized charge pumps are operated in parallel. The total current generated is shown to be far more accurate than the current produced with just one pump operating at a higher frequency. With the application of a perpendicular magnetic…
Parallelizing single-electron pumps offers a promising route to achieving nanoampere-level currents crucial for quantum current standard applications. Achieving such current levels is essential for demonstrating the ultra-high accuracy of…
We perform in-situ detection of individual electrons pumped through a single-electron turnstile based on ultrasmall normal metal - insulator - superconductor tunnel junctions. In our setup, limited by the detector bandwidth, at low…
We present an experimental study of hybrid turnstiles with high charging energies in comparison to the superconducting gap. The device is modeled with the sequential tunneling approximation. The backtunneling effect is shown to limit the…
In this Letter, we present a theoretical analysis to single-electron pumping operation in a large range of driving frequencies through the time-dependent tunneling barriers controlled by external gate voltages. We show that the…
Increasing electric current from a single-electron source is a main challenge in an effort to establish the standard of the ampere defined by the fixed value of the elementary charge $e$ and operation frequency $f$. While the current scales…
Electron counting experiments attempt to provide a current of a known number of electrons per unit time. We propose architectures utilizing a few readily available electron-pumps or turnstiles with the typical error rates of 100 ppm with…
In this Letter, we study the transient electron transfer phenomena of single-electron devices with alternating external gate voltages. We obtain a high frequency limit for pumping electrons one at a time in single-electron devices. Also, we…
Nanoscale single-electron pumps can be used to generate accurate currents, and can potentially serve to realize a new standard of electrical current based on elementary charge. Here, we use a silicon-based quantum dot with tunable tunnel…
Electron counting experiments attempt to provide a current of a known number of electrons per unit time. We propose architectures utilizing a few readily available electron-pumps or turnstiles with modest error rates of 1 part per $10^4$…
A device is proposed that is similar in spirit to the electron turnstile except that it operates within a quantum Hall fluid. In the integer quantum Hall regime, this device pumps an integer number of electrons per cycle. In the fractional…
We study the effect of perpendicular magnetic fields on a single-electron system with a strongly time-dependent electrostatic potential. Continuous improvements to the current quantization in these electron pumps are revealed by…
Electron pumps generate a macroscopic electric current by controlled manipulation of single electrons. Despite intensive research towards a quantum current standard over the last 25 years, making a fast and accurate quantised electron pump…
The basis of synchronous manipulation of individual electrons in solid-state devices was laid by the rise of single-electronics about two decades ago. Ultra-small structures in a low temperature environment form an ideal domain of…
Accuracy of single-electron currents produced in hybrid turnstiles at high operation frequencies is, among other errors, limited by electrons tunnelling in the wrong direction. Increasing the barrier transparency between the island and the…
In quantum metrology, semiconductor single-electron pumps are used to generate accurate electric currents with the ultimate goal of implementing the emerging quantum standard of the ampere. Pumps based on electrostatically defined tunable…
Single electron pumps are set to revolutionize electrical metrology by enabling the ampere to be re-defined in terms of the elementary charge of an electron. Pumps based on lithographically-fixed tunnel barriers in mesoscopic metallic…
We report electron counting experiments in a silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor quantum dot architecture which has been previously demonstrated to generate a quantized current in excess of 80 pA with uncertainty below 30 parts per million.…
Electron pumps capable of delivering a current higher than 100pA with sufficient accuracy are likely to become the direct mise en pratique of the possible new quantum definition of the ampere. Furthermore, they are essential for closing the…
We have studied the acoustoelectric current in single-electron pumps driven by surface acoustic waves. We have found that in certain parameter ranges two different sets of quantized steps dominate the acoustoelectric current versus…