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The contact is an important concept that characterizes the universal properties of a strongly interacting quantum gas. It appears in both thermodynamic (energy, pressure, etc.) and dynamic quantities (radio-frequency and Bragg…
We consider the dynamics of confined strings embedded in a gapless four-dimensional theory. To this end, we examine finite-tension string-like solutions to the equations of motion of the $\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^1$ non-linear sigma model. We…
We show that string theory on a compact negatively curved manifold, preserving a U(1)^{b_1} winding symmetry, grows at least b_1 new effective dimensions as the space shrinks. The winding currents yield a "D-dual" description of a Riemann…
We consider the low-energy effective string action in four dimensions including the leading order-$\alpha'$ terms. An exact homogeneous solution is obtained. It represents a non-singular expanding cosmological model in which the tensor…
Using standard techniques in string/D-brane scattering amplitude computations, we evaluate the scattering of open strings off D-particles in brane world scenarios. The D-particles are viewed as D3 branes wrapped up around three cycles, and…
We study cosmological scenarios resulting from effective actions in four dimensions which are, under some assumptions, connected with multidimensional, supergravity and string theories. These effective actions are labeled by the parameters…
We present a new model of dark energy which could explain the observed accelerated expansion of our Universe. We show that a five-dimensional Einstein-Yang-Mills theory defined in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe compactified on a…
We propose a mechanism for solving the horizon and entropy problems of standard cosmology which does not make use of cosmological inflation. Crucial ingredients of our scenario are brane gases, extra dimensions, and a confining potential…
We investigate the level population statistics and degree of coherence encoded in the single-particle density matrix of harmonically trapped low-dimensional [quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) or quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D)] Bose gases…
Dimensional correspondences have a long history in critical phenomena. Here, we review the effective dimension approach, which relates the scaling exponents of a critical system in $d$ spatial dimensions with power-law decaying interactions…
We consider spin-1/2 Fermi gases in arbitrary, integer or non-integer spatial dimensions, interacting via a Dirac delta potential. We first generalize the method of Tan's distributions and implement short-range boundary conditions to…
The first part of this review tries to provide a self-contained view of supersymmetry breaking from the bottom-up perspective. We thus describe N=1 supersymmetry in four dimensions, the Standard Model and the MSSM, with emphasis on the…
The scalar modes of the geometry induced by dimensional decoupling are investigated. In the context of the low energy string effective action, solutions can be found where the spatial part of the background geometry is the direct product of…
We compute the string energy-momentum tensor and {\bf derive} the string equation of state from exact string dynamics in cosmological spacetimes. $1+1,~2+1$ and $D$-dimensional universes are treated for any expansion factor $R$. Strings…
We model the one-dimension (1D) to three-dimension (3D) crossover in a cylindrically trapped Fermi gas with attractive interactions and spin-imbalance. We calculate the mean-field phase diagram, and study the relative stability of exotic…
It is shown that the effective five-dimensional theory of the strongly coupled heterotic string is a gauged version of N=1 five-dimensional supergravity with four-dimensional boundaries. For the universal supermultiplets, this theory is…
We study the response of a granular system at rest to an instantaneous input of energy in a localised region. We present scaling arguments that show that, in $d$ dimensions, the radius of the resulting disturbance increases with time $t$ as…
The force densities exerted on a localised material system by linearised interaction with fields of axionic and dilatonic type are shown to be describable very generally by relatively simple expressions that are well behaved for fields of…
The dimensionality of a system profoundly influences its physical behaviour, leading to the emergence of different states of matter in many-body quantum systems. In lower dimensions, fluctuations increase and lead to the suppression of…
A collision of orbifold planes in eleven dimensions has been proposed as an explanation of the hot big bang. When the two planes are close to each other, the winding membranes become the lightest modes of the theory, and can be effectively…