Related papers: High Energy Physics from High Performance Computin…
Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is an approach used by theoretical physicists to model the strong nuclear force. This works at the sub-nuclear scale to bind quarks together into hadrons including the proton and neutron. One of the long…
Monte Carlo simulations applied to the lattice formulation of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) enable a study of the theory from first principles, in a nonperturbative way. After over two decades of developments in the methodology for this…
The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase diagram, which reveals the state of strongly interacting matter at different temperatures and densities, is key to answering open questions in physics, ranging from the behavior of particles in neutron…
The theory of the strong force, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) remains one of the most important ways to understand the fundamental properties of ordinary matter. However, at low momentum transfer Q2, in the regime where the strong force…
The separation between physics at low and high energies is essential for physics to have any utility; the details of quantum gravity are not necessary to calculate the trajectory of a cannon ball. However, physics at low and high energies…
The theory of strong interactions, QCD, is described in terms of a few parameters, namely the strong coupling constant alpha_s and the quark masses. We show how these parameters can be determined reliably using computer simulations of QCD…
Lattice QCD has reached a mature status. State of the art lattice computations include $u,d,s$ (and even the $c$) sea quark effects, together with an estimate of electromagnetic and isospin breaking corrections for hadronic observables.…
This chapter, to appear in the section on QCD under extreme conditions within the Encyclopedia of Nuclear Physics, aims to provide a pedagogical introduction to the physics of quarks and gluons in the presence of high temperature, nonzero…
The nuclear force acting between protons and neutrons is studied in the Monte Carlo simulations of the fundamental theory of the strong interaction, the quantum chromodynamics defined on the hypercubic space-time lattice. After a brief…
One of the ultimate missions of lattice QCD is to simulate atomic nuclei from the first principle of the strong interaction. This is an extremely hard task for the current computational technology, but might be reachable in coming quantum…
Lattice Gauge Theory enables an ab initio study of the low-energy properties of Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of the strong interaction. I begin these lectures by presenting the lattice formulation of QCD, and then outline the…
Lattice QCD is making good progress toward calculating the structure and properties of light nuclei and the forces between nucleons. These calculations will ultimately refine the nuclear forces, particularly in the three- and four-nucleon…
Nuclei make up the majority of the visible matter in the Universe; obtaining a first principles description of the nuclear properties and interactions between nuclei directly from the underlying theory of the strong interaction, Quantum…
Numerical simulations have become an important tool to understand and predict non-perturbative phenomena in particle physics. In this article we attempt to present a general overview over the field. First, the basic concepts of lattice…
We describe the coupling of the strong force. Denoted as $\alpha_s$, it sets the strength of that force, just as $G$ or $\alpha$ specify the strength of the gravity and electromagnetism. Its value depends on the scale at which phenomena are…
Modern particle physics experiments, e.g. at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, crucially depend on the precise description of the scattering processes in terms of the known fundamental forces. This is limited by our current…
An ab initio calculation of nuclear physics from Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), the fundamental SU(3) gauge theory of the strong interaction, remains an outstanding challenge. Here, we discuss the emergence of key elements of nuclear physics…
Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory governing the strong interaction of particles. It describes the interactions that bind quarks and gluons into protons and neutrons, and binds these into nuclei. We believe QCD to be as fundamental…
Recent progress in quantum electrodynamics (QED) calculations of highly charged ions is reviewed. The theoretical predictions for the binding energies, the hyperfine splittings, and the g factors are presented and compared with available…
I discuss methods based on the large Nc expansion to study nonperturbative aspects of quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong force. I apply these methods to the analysis of weak decay processes and the nonperturbative computation…