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Hidden semi-Markov Models (HSMM's) - while broadly in use - are restricted to a discrete and uniform time grid. They are thus not well suited to explain often irregularly spaced discrete event data from continuous-time phenomena. We show…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-18 Nicolai Engelmann , Heinz Koeppl

The analyticity of the entropy and relative entropy rates of continuous-state hidden Markov models is studied here. Using the analytic continuation principle and the stability properties of the optimal filter, the analyticity of these rates…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Vladislav Z. B. Tadic , Arnaud Doucet

We develop an abstract operator-theoretic variational principle for asymptotic growth rates arising from subadditive processes driven by Markov operators: for each invariant measure on the base, the growth rate equals the supremum of fiber…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-16 Pablo G. Barrientos , Isaia Nisoli

By making use of martingale representations, we derive the asymptotic normality of particle filters in hidden Markov models and a relatively simple formula for their asymptotic variances. Although repeated resamplings result in complicated…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-19 Hock Peng Chan , Tze Leung Lai

Consider the problem of predicting the next symbol given a sample path of length n, whose joint distribution belongs to a distribution class that may have long-term memory. The goal is to compete with the conditional predictor that knows…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-25 Yanjun Han , Tianze Jiang , Yihong Wu

We study the top Lyapunov exponent of a product of random $2 \times 2$ matrices appearing in the analysis of several statistical mechanical models with disorder, extending a previous treatment of the critical case (Giacomin and Greenblatt,…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-30 Orphée Collin , Giambattista Giacomin , Rafael L. Greenblatt , Yueyun Hu

We establish the existence of a full spectrum of Lyapunov exponents for memoryless random dynamical systems with absorption. To this end, we crucially embed the process conditioned to never being absorbed, the $Q$-process, into the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Matheus M. Castro , Dennis Chemnitz , Hugo Chu , Maximilian Engel , Jeroen S. W. Lamb , Martin Rasmussen

We consider a hidden Markov model with multiple observation processes, one of which is chosen at each point in time by a policy---a deterministic function of the information state---and attempt to determine which policy minimises the…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-17 James Y. Zhao

We prove what appears to be the first concentration of measure result for hidden Markov processes. Our bound is stated in terms of the contraction coefficients of the underlying Markov process, and strictly generalizes the Markov process…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Leonid Kontorovich

We show that maximum entropy (maxent) models can be modeled with certain kinds of HMMs, allowing us to construct maxent models with hidden variables, hidden state sequences, or other characteristics. The models can be trained using the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-07 Joshua Goodman

We consider a finite family of invertible $2 \times 2$ real matrices and a transitive Markov shift on the index set. Let $\lambda$ be the top Lyapunov exponent for random matrix products driven by the Markov shift. We prove that, if the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-15 Nima Alibabaei

We give simple conditions that ensure exponential forgetting of the initial conditions of the filter for general state-space hidden Markov chain. The proofs are based on the coupling argument applied to the posterior Markov kernels. These…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-12-04 Randal Douc , Eric Moulines , Ya'Acov Ritov

Nonparametric identification and maximum likelihood estimation for finite-state hidden Markov models are investigated. We obtain identification of the parameters as well as the order of the Markov chain if the transition probability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-01 Grigory Alexandrovich , Hajo Holzmann , Anna Leister

We consider a bivariate Markov chain $Z=\{Z_k\}_{k \geq 1}=\{(X_k,Y_k)\}_{k \geq 1}$ taking values on product space ${\cal Z}={\cal X} \times{ \cal Y}$, where ${\cal X}$ is possibly uncountable space and ${\cal Y}=\{1,\ldots, |{\cal Y}|\}$…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-10 Jüri Lember , Joonas Sova

De-interleaving of the mixtures of Hidden Markov Processes (HMPs) generally depends on its representation model. Existing representation models consider Markov chain mixtures rather than hidden Markov, resulting in the lack of robustness to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-04 Jiadi Bao , Mengtao Zhu , Yunjie Li , Shafei Wang

This paper considers the asymptotic properties of the recursive maximum likelihood estimation in hidden Markov models. The paper is focused on the asymptotic behavior of the log-likelihood function and on the point-convergence and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-24 Vladislav B. Tadić

This paper addresses the issue of model selection for hidden Markov models (HMMs). We generalize factorized asymptotic Bayesian inference (FAB), which has been recently developed for model selection on independent hidden variables (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-22 Ryohei Fujimaki , Kohei Hayashi

State space models have long played an important role in signal processing. The Gaussian case can be treated algorithmically using the famous Kalman filter. Similarly since the 1970s there has been extensive application of Hidden Markov…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Peter Bickel , Yaacov Ritov , Tobias Rydén

In a growth-fragmentation system, cells grow in size slowly and split apart at random. Typically, the number of cells in the system grows exponentially and the distribution of the sizes of cells settles into an equilibrium 'asymptotic…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-22 Denis Villemonais , Alexander Watson

In a real life process evolving over time, the relationship between its relevant variables may change. Therefore, it is advantageous to have different inference models for each state of the process. Asymmetric hidden Markov models fulfil…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Carlos Puerto-Santana , Pedro Larrañaga , Concha Bielza