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Related papers: Giant Planet Formation by Disk Instability: A Comp…

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I argue for two modes of gas giant planet formation and discuss the conditions under which each mode operates. Gas giant planets at disk radii $r>100$ AU are likely to form in situ by disk instability, while core accretion plus gas capture…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-15 Aaron C. Boley

We have now accumulated a wealth of observations of the planet-formation environment and of mature planetary systems. These data allow us to test and refine theories of gas-giant planet formation by placing constraints on the conditions and…

We investigate the formation of multiple-planet systems in the presence of a hot Jupiter using extended N-body simulations that are performed simultaneously with semi-analytic calculations. Our primary aims are to describe the planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Masahiro Ogihara , Hiroshi Kobayashi , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

Gas-giant planets, such as Jupiter, Saturn and massive exoplanets, were formed via the gas accretion onto the solid cores each with a mass of roughly ten Earth masses. However, rapid radial migration due to disk-planet interaction prevents…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-24 Hiroshi Kobayashi , Hidekazu Tanaka

Planets form in the discs of gas and dust that surround young stars. It is not known whether gas giant planets on wide orbits form the same way as Jupiter or by fragmentation of gravitationally unstable discs. Here we show that a giant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-16 Dimitris Stamatellos

Recent observations of protoplanetary disks have revealed ring-like structures that can be associated to pressure maxima. Pressure maxima are known to be dust collectors and planet migration traps. Most of planet formation works are based…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-14 O. M. Guilera , Zs. Sándor , M. P. Ronco , J. Venturini , M. M. Miller Bertolami

We hypothesise that planets are made by tidal downsizing of migrating giant planet embryos. The proposed scheme for planet formation consists of these steps: (i) a massive young protoplanetary disc fragments at R ~ several tens to hundreds…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Sergei Nayakshin

We simulate the early stages of the evolution of turbulent, virialized, high-mass protostellar cores, with primary attention to how cores fragment, and whether they form a small or large number of protostars. Our simulations use the Orion…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Mark R. Krumholz , Richard I. Klein , Christopher F. McKee

In the core accretion scenario, gas giant planets are formed form solid cores with several Earth masses via gas accretion. We investigate the formation of such cores via collisional growth from kilometer-sized planetesimals in turbulent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-08 Hiroshi Kobayashi , Hidekazu Tanaka

Many protoplanetary discs are self-gravitating early in their lives. If they fragment under their own gravity, they form bound gaseous clumps which may evolve to become giant planets. Today, the fraction of discs that undergo fragmentation,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-04 O. Schib , C. Mordasini , R. Helled

The central region of a circumstellar disk is difficult to resolve in global numerical simulations of collapsing cloud cores, but its effect on the evolution of the entire disk can be significant. We use numerical hydrodynamics simulations…

We examine changes in the molecular abundances resulting from increased heating due to a self-luminous planetary companion embedded within a narrow circumstellar disk gap. Using 3D models that include stellar and planetary irradiation, we…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-29 L. Ilsedore Cleeves , Edwin A. Bergin , Tim J. Harries

We investigate the conditions required for planet formation via gravitational instability (GI) and protoplanetary disk (PPD) fragmentation around M-dwarfs. Using a suite of 64 SPH simulations with $10^6$ particles, the parameter space of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-04 Isaac Backus , Thomas Quinn

The presence of distant protoplanets may explain the observed gaps in the dust emission of protoplanetary disks. Here, we derive a novel analytical model to describe the temporal decay of the pebble flux through a protoplanetary disk as the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-07 Nerea Gurrutxaga , Anders Johansen , Michiel Lambrechts , Johan Appelgren

In models of planetary accretion, pebbles form by dust coagulation and rapidly migrate toward the central star. Planetesimals may continuously form from pebbles over the age of the protoplanetary disk by yet uncertain mechanisms. Meanwhile,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-17 Ryuji Morishima

We carry out a large set of very high resolution, three dimensional smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations describing the evolution of gravitationally unstable gaseous protoplanetary disks. We consider a broad range of initial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Lucio Mayer , Thomas Quinn , James Wadsley , Joachim Stadel

We discuss the chemical pre-conditions for planet formation, in terms of gas and ice abundances in a protoplanetary disk, as function of time and position, and the resulting chemical composition and cloud properties in the atmosphere when…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-06-25 Ch. Helling , P. Woitke , P. B. Rimmer , I. Kamp , W. -F. Thi , R. Meijerink

The Solar System's orbital structure is thought to have been sculpted by an episode of dynamical instability among the giant planets. However, the instability trigger and timing have not been clearly established. Hydrodynamical modeling has…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-11 Beibei Liu , Sean N. Raymond , Seth A. Jacobson

As accretion in protoplanetary disks is enabled by turbulent viscosity, the border between active and inactive (dead) zones constitutes a location where there is an abrupt change in the accretion flow. The gas accumulation that ensues…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 W. Lyra , A. Johansen , A. Zsom , H. Klahr , N. Piskunov

We investigate the formation process of self-gravitating protoplanetary disks in unmagnetized molecular clouds. The angular momentum is redistributed by the action of gravitational torques in the massive disk during its early formation. We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Sanemichi Z. Takahashi , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka , Masahiro N. Machida