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This paper studies Ebert's hat problem for three and four players and two colors, where the probabilities of the colors may be different for each player. Our goal is to maximize the probability of winning the game and to describe winning…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-27 Theo van Uem

This document presents the rules of a tactical two-player board game which is inspired by spin glasses. The aim is, while placing bonds and spins, to achieve a majority of the spins facing the chosen direction of each player. The game has…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-12-16 Alexander K. Hartmann

We introduce the game of Surrounding Cops and Robbers on a graph, as a variant of the original game of Cops and Robbers. In contrast to the original game in which the cops win by occupying the same vertex as the robber, they now win by…

Online games are dynamic environments where players interact with each other, which offers a rich setting for understanding how players negotiate their way through the game to an ultimate victory. This work studies online player…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Kokil Jaidka , Hansin Ahuja , Lynnette Ng

We study the problem of deciding the winner of reachability switching games for zero-, one-, and two-player variants. Switching games provide a deterministic analogue of stochastic games. We show that the zero-player case is NL-hard, the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 John Fearnley , Martin Gairing , Matthias Mnich , Rahul Savani

We prove computational intractability of variants of checkers: (1) deciding whether there is a move that forces the other player to win in one move is NP-complete; (2) checkers where players must always be able to jump on their turn is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Jeffrey Bosboom , Spencer Congero , Erik D. Demaine , Martin L. Demaine , Jayson Lynch

This paper examines the integration of computational complexity into game theoretic models. The example focused on is the Prisoner's Dilemma, repeated for a finite length of time. We show that a minimal bound on the players' computational…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Yishay Mor , Jeffrey S. Rosenschein

We study a combinatorial game derived from a problem in the German National Mathematics Competition. In this game, two players take turns removing numbers from a finite set of natural numbers, aiming to satisfy a certain divisibility…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-04 Tim Rammenstein

On the blockchain, NFT games have risen in popularity, spawning new types of digital assets. We present a simplified version of well-known NFT games, followed by a discussion of issues influencing the structure and stability of generic…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-09-22 Bernhard K Meister , Henry CW Price

We analyze the main arguments that attempt to explain why there is no point in changing the envelope. Most people confuse estimation and calculation, conditional and unconditional probabilities, random and non-random variables, modelling…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2014-02-17 Léo Gerville-Réache

We consider a variant of the classical Secretary Problem. In this setting, the candidates are ranked according to some exchangeable random variable and the quest is to maximize the expected quality of the chosen aspirant. We find an upper…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-15 Pablo Blanc , Juan Pablo Borthagaray , Daniel Kohen , Martín Mereb

The Taxman game has proven to be hard to solve optimally, so efforts have been made to find heuristic strategies that do well in practice. We present results on the NP-hardness of a variant of the game via an equivalence to a particular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-02 Atli Fannar Franklín , Robert K. Moniot

Trust and reciprocation of it form the foundation of economic, social and other interactions. While the Trust Game is widely used to study these concepts for interactions between two players, often alternating different roles (i.e.,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-21 Ik Soo Lim , Naoki Masuda

Subset take-away is a two-player game involving a fixed finite set A. Players alternate choosing a proper, non-empty subset of A, with the condition that one may not name a set containing a set that was named earlier. A player unable to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-05 J. Daniel Christensen , Mark Tilford

This paper has a twofold scope. The first one is to clarify and put in evidence the isomorphic character of two theories developed in quite different fields: on one side, threshold logic, on the other side, simple games. One of the main…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-10 Josep Freixas , Marc Freixas , Sascha Kurz

We study noncooperative games, in which each player's objective is composed of a sequence of ordered- and potentially conflicting-preferences. Problems of this type naturally model a wide variety of scenarios: for example, drivers at a busy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Dong Ho Lee , Lasse Peters , David Fridovich-Keil

In this paper, we consider the Santa Claus problem in the CONGEST model. This NP-hard problem can be modeled as a bipartite graph of children and gifts where an edge indicates that a child desires a gift. Notably, each gift can have a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Tijn de Vos , Leo Wennmann , Malte Baumecker , Yannic Maus , Florian Schager

Given $k\ge 3$ heaps of tokens. The moves of the 2-player game introduced here are to either take a positive number of tokens from at most $k-1$ heaps, or to remove the {\sl same} positive number of tokens from all the $k$ heaps. We analyse…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Aviezri S. Fraenkel , Dmitri Zusman

In this paper, we discuss a stochastic decision problem of optimally selecting the order in which to try $n$ opportunities that may yield an uncertain reward in the future. The motivation came out from pure curiosity, after an informal…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Giuseppe C. Calafiore

We consider the problem of social choice when transfers between agents are possible. This includes several canonical applications: public-good provision, management of a common resource, settlement of debts, and division of goods. The…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-12-19 Gregorio Curello , Sam Jindani