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Define $G(x;q)$ to be the variance of primes $p\le x$ in the arithmetic progressions modulo $q$, weighted by $\log p$. Hooley conjectured that as soon as $q$ tends to infinity and $x\ge q$, we have the upper bound $G(x;q) \ll x \log q$. In…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-14 Daniel Fiorilli , Greg Martin

We consider Dirichlet $L$-functions $L(s, \chi)$ where $\chi$ is a real, non-principal character modulo $q$. Using Pintz's refinement of Page's theorem, we prove that for $q\geq 3$ the function $L(s, \chi)$ has at most one real zero $\beta$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-12-03 Thomas Morrill , Tim Trudgian

We show that Grothendieck's real constant $K_{G}$ satisfies $K_G\geq c+10^{-26}$, improving on the lower bound of $c=1.676956674215576\ldots$ of Davie and Reeds from 1984 and 1991, respectively.

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-06 Steven Heilman

Let $I(n,l)$ denote the maximum possible number of incidences between $n$ points and $l$ lines. It is well known that $I(n,l) = \Theta(n^{2/3}l^{2/3} + n + l)$. Let $c_{\mathrm{SzTr}}$ denote the lower bound on the constant of…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Roel Apfelbaum

In 1845, Bertrand conjectured that twice any prime strictly exceeds the next prime. Tchebichef proved Bertrand's postulate in 1850. In 1934, Ishikawa proved a stronger result: the sum of any two consecutive primes strictly exceeds the next…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-14 Joel E. Cohen

Let $q\ge3$ be an integer, $\chi$ denote a Dirichlet character modulo $q$, for any real number $a\ge 0$, we define the generalized Dirichlet $L$-functions $$ L(s,\chi,a)=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{\chi(n)}{(n+a)^s}, $$ where $s=\sigma+it$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-12 Rong Ma , Yana Niu , Yulong Zhang

Inspired by a result of Soundararajan, assuming the Riemann hypothesis (RH), we prove a new inequality for the logarithm of the modulus of the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line in terms of a Dirichlet polynomial over primes and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-27 Emanuel Carneiro , Micah B. Milinovich

In this paper, we study derivatives of powers of Euclidean norm. We prove their H\"older continuity and establish explicit expressions for the corresponding constants. We show that these constants are optimal for odd derivatives and at most…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-02 Anton Rodomanov , Yurii Nesterov

We prove asymptotics for mollified first and second moments of subfamilies of Dirichlet $L$-functions given by shrinking angular restrictions on the root number. Using these moments, we prove that for even primitive characters with prime…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Adam Earnst

In 1976 Lieb and Thirring established upper bounds on sums of powers of the negative eigenvalues of a Schr\"odinger operator in terms of semiclassical phase-space integrals. Over the last 45 years the optimal constants in these…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-03-14 Lukas Schimmer

The problem of finding upper bounds for L-functions at the edge of the critical strip has a long and interesting history. Here, the situation for classical L-functions such as Dirichlet L-functions is relatively well understood. The reason…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-09-19 Xiannan Li

Assuming the generalized Riemann hypothesis, we rediscover and sharpen some of the best known results regarding the distribution of low-lying zeros of Dirichlet $L$-functions. This builds upon earlier work of Omar, which relies on the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Tianyu Zhao

We verify that $\liminf_{q\to\infty} q\cdot |q|_p\cdot ||qx||<\epsilon$ for all real $x$, small primes $p$ and relatively small $\epsilon$. This result supports the famous $p$-adic Littlewood conjecture which states that the above lower…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Dmitry Badziahin

We consider Dirichlet $L$-functions $L(s, \chi)$ where $\chi$ is a non-principal quadratic character to the modulus $q$. We make explicit a result due to Pintz and Stephens by showing that $|L(1, \chi)|\leq \frac{1}{2}\log q$ for all $q\geq…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-27 D. R. Johnston , O. Ramare , T. S. Trudgian

We establish an asymptotic formula with a power-saving error term for the twisted mixed moment of Dirichlet $L$-functions and automorphic $L$-functions twisted by all primitive characters modulo $q$, valid for all admissible moduli. As a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-11 Zhenpeng Tang , Xiaosheng Wu

According to a popular belief, the decimal digits of mathematical constants such as {\pi} behave like statistically independent random variables, each taking the values 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 with equal probability of 1/10. If…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-15 Paula Nataniela Roba , Karlis Podnieks

We consider small solutions of quadratic congruences of the form $x_1^2+\alpha_2x_2^2+\alpha_3x_3^2\equiv 0 \bmod{q}$, where $q=p^m$ is an odd prime power. Here, $\alpha_2$ is arbitrary but fixed and $\alpha_3$ is variable, and we assume…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-24 Stephan Baier , Aishik Chattopadhyay

In a landmark paper on arithmetical properties of Lambert series, Erd\H{o}s proved that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{2^{n} - 1}$ is irrational. This value $E$ is now referred to as the Erd\H{o}s-Borwein constant. Crandall, in 2012, studied…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-26 John M. Campbell

First we reprove, using representation theory and the relative trace formula of Jacquet, an average value result of Duke for modular L-series at the critical center. We also establish a refinement. To be precise, the L-value which appears…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Dinakar Ramakrishnan , Jonathan Rogawski

In this paper we use techniques first introduced by Florea to improve the asymptotic formula for the first moment of the quadratic Dirichlet L-functions over the rational function field, running over all monic, square-free polynomials of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-13 J. C. Andrade , J. MacMillan