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Related papers: Physical portrayal of computational complexity

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I prove that competitive market outcomes require computational intractability. If P = NP, firms can efficiently solve the collusion detection problem, identifying deviations from cooperative agreements in complex, noisy markets and thereby…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Philip Z. Maymin

In real-time systems, in addition to the functional correctness recurrent tasks must fulfill timing constraints to ensure the correct behavior of the system. Partitioned scheduling is widely used in real-time systems, i.e., the tasks are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-09-13 Jian-Jia Chen , Nikhil Bansal , Samarjit Chakraborty , Georg von der Brüggen

We study a class of functional problems reducible to computing $f^{(n)}(x)$ for inputs $n$ and $x$, where $f$ is a polynomial-time bijection. As we prove, the definition is robust against variations in the type of reduction used in its…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-14 David Eppstein

The assembly index of assembly theory quantifies the minimal number of composition steps required to construct an object from elementary components. The study proves that the decision version of the assembly index problem is NP-complete,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Piotr Masierak

Complexity theory traditionally studies the hardness of solving classical computational problems. In the quantum setting, it is also natural to consider a different notion of complexity, namely the complexity of physically preparing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-11 Tony Metger , Henry Yuen

For quantum many-body systems in one dimension, computational complexity theory reveals that the evaluation of ground-state energy remains elusive on quantum computers, contrasting the existence of a classical algorithm for temperatures…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-06-11 Atsushi Iwaki , Chisa Hotta

Modify the Blum-Shub-Smale model of computation replacing the permitted computational primitives (the real field operations) with any finite set $B$ of real functions semialgebraic over the rationals. Consider the class of boolean decision…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-04-16 Marcello Mamino

We propose a duality between thermodynamics and computational complexity, elevating the difficulty of a computational task to the status of a thermodynamic variable. By introducing a complexity measure C as a novel coordinate, we formulate…

General Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Florian Neukart , Valerii Vinokur

We start by an introduction to the basic concepts of computability theory and the introduction of the concept of Turing machine and computation universality. Then se turn to the exploration of trade-offs between different measures of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-04-19 Joost J. Joosten , Fernando Soler-Toscano , Hector Zenil

This paper proposes a variational approach to describe the evolution of organization of complex systems from first principles, as increased efficiency of physical action. Most simply stated, physical action is the product of the energy and…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2014-07-29 Georgi Yordanov Georgiev , Kaitlin Henry , Timothy Bates , Erin Gombos , Alexander Casey , Michael Daly , Amrit Vinod , Hyunseung Lee

In this vision paper, we explore the challenges and opportunities of a form of computation that employs an empirical (rather than a formal) approach, where the solution of a computational problem is returned as empirically most likely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Eric Tang , Marcel Böhme

Since many real-world problems arising in the fields of compiler optimisation, automated software engineering, formal proof systems, and so forth are equivalent to the Halting Problem--the most notorious undecidable problem--there is a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Cristian S. Calude , Michael A. Stay

Suppose that we are given a quantum computer programmed ready to perform a computation if it is switched on. Counterfactual computation is a process by which the result of the computation may be learnt without actually running the computer.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Graeme Mitchison , Richard Jozsa

We discuss a characterization of complexity based on successive approximations of the probability density describing a system by means of maximum entropy methods, thereby quantifying the respective role played by different orders of…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2014-08-05 Gregor Chliamovitch , Bastien Chopard , Lino Velasquez

We use the complexity function of an invariant, not necessary closed, subset of a two-sided shift space to compute the polynomial entropy of the induced dynamics on the hyperspace of continua for certain one-dimensional dynamical systems.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-03-12 Jelena Katić , Darko Milinković , Milan Perić

The CSP of a first-order theory $T$ is the problem of deciding for a given finite set $S$ of atomic formulas whether $T \cup S$ is satisfiable. Let $T_1$ and $T_2$ be two theories with countably infinite models and disjoint signatures.…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Manuel Bodirsky , Johannes Greiner

We propose a new interpretation of objective deterministic chances in statistical physics based on physical computational complexity. This notion applies to a single physical system (be it an experimental set--up in the lab, or a subsystem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-20 Amit Hagar , Giuseppe Sergioli

Complexity classes such as $\#\mathbf{P}$, $\oplus\mathbf{P}$, $\mathbf{GapP}$, $\mathbf{OptP}$, $\mathbf{NPMV}$, or the class of fuzzy languages realised by polynomial-time fuzzy nondeterministic Turing machines, can all be described in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Peter Kostolányi

The higher than classical efficiency exhibited by some quantum algorithms is here ascribed to their non-mechanistic character, which becomes evident by joining the notions of entanglement and quantum measurement. Measurement analogically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Giuseppe Castagnoli , Dalida Monti

At the intersection of what I call uncomputable art and computational epistemology, a form of experimental philosophy, we find an exciting and promising area of science related to causation with an alternative, possibly best possible,…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Hector Zenil